Table 4.
Final diagnoses and diagnostic technique of patients and co-infection or PKS, Blantyre, Malawi*
| Patient | Final diagnosis | Confirmed/probable | Co-infection or PKS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial pneumonia | |||
| 1† | Staphylococcus aureus by BAL culture | Confirmed | PcP by PCR |
| 2 | Klebsiella pneumoniae by BAL culture | Confirmed | PcP by PCR |
| 3 | Streptococcus pneumoniae by BAL culture | Confirmed | |
| 4 | Staphylococcus aureus by BAL culture | Confirmed | Parainfluenzavirus type 1 |
| 5 | Staphylococcus aureus by BAL culture | Confirmed | PKS |
| 6 | Staphylococcus aureus by BAL culture | Confirmed | PKS |
| 7 | Klebsiella pneumoniae by BAL culture and Streptococcus pneumoniae by BC | Confirmed | Coronavirus OC 43 |
| 8 | Staphylococcus aureus by BAL culture | Confirmed | |
| 9 | Streptococcus pneumoniae by BC | Confirmed | Respiratory syncytial virus A |
| 10–11 | Streptococcus pneumoniae by BC | Confirmed | |
| 12–15† (one death) | No isolate | Probable | |
| Pneumocystispneumonia | |||
| 16† | IF/PCR | Confirmed | Pseudomonas by BAL culture |
| 17 | IF/PCR | Confirmed | Rhinovirus |
| 18† | IF/PCR | Confirmed | Cryptococcus neoformans by BC + PKS |
| 19–25 | IF/PCR | Confirmed | |
| 26† | IF/no PCR | Confirmed | Rhinovirus + PKS |
| 27 | PCR | Probable | Coronavirus NL |
| 28 | PCR | Probable | |
| 29 | PCR | Probable | |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | |||
| 30† | ZN/mycobacterial culture | Confirmed | MRSA by BAL culture + rhinovirus |
| 31–33† (two deaths) | ZN/mycobacterial culture | Confirmed | Enterobacter cloacae by BAL culture |
| 34 | ZN/mycobacterial culture | Confirmed | |
| 35 | ZN | Confirmed | PKS |
| 36† | Mycobacterial culture | Confirmed | Enterobacter cloacae by BAL culture |
| 37 | Mycobacterial culture | Confirmed | PcP by PCR |
| 38 | Mycobacterial culture | Confirmed | |
| 39–40 | No isolate | Probable | |
| Viral pneumonitis | |||
| 41 | Influenza A virus | Probable | |
| 42 | Bocavirus | Probable | |
| 43† | Adenovirus | Probable | |
| Pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma | |||
| 44 | Bronchoscopy | Confirmed | Rhinovirus |
| 45–51† (one death) | Bronchoscopy | Confirmed |
*
PKS = pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma; BAL = bronchioalveolar lavage; PcP = Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; BC = blood culture; IF = immunofluorescence; ZN = Ziehl-Neelsen staining; MRSA = methicillin-resistant S. aureus; all viral isolates by PCR.
†
Died.