Table 5.
Patient characteristics, clinical features, and outcomes of final diagnoses, Blantyre, Malawi*
| Characteristic | Bacterial pneumonia (n = 15) | Pneumocystis pneumonia (n = 14) | Pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 11) | Pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 8) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex | 7 (47%) | 8 (57%) | 5 (45%) | 2 (25%) |
| HIV status known at study entry | 7 (47%) | 7 (50%) | 9 (82%) | 7 (88%) |
| Confirmed HIV positive | 13 (87%) | 4 (100%) | 9 (100%) | 8 (100%) |
| ART at study entry | 3 (20%) | 0; P = 0.005† | 5 (45%) | 6 (75%; P = 0.003)† |
| Hemoptysis | 4 (27%) | 0; P = 0.022† | 3 (27%) | 4 (50%) |
| Crackles on chest auscultation | 13 (87%) | 7 (50%); P = 0.005)† | 9 (82%) | 8 (100%) |
| Pleural effusion | 6 (40%) | 0; P = 0.011† | 2 (18%) | 7 (88%); P = 0.019† |
| Survived | 13 (87%) | 11 (79%) | 7 (64%) | 7 (88%) |
| Mean | ||||
| Oxygen saturation %‡ | 71 | 70 | 81 | 85; P = 0.017† |
| Heart rate/minute | 122 | 132; P = 0.04† | 119 | 116 |
| Respiratory rate/minute | 51; P = 0.046† | 46 | 47 | 42 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm of Hg | 93 | 94 | 98 | 104 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.6 | 11.8; P < 0.0001† | 8.0; P = 0.03† | 8.6 |
| Leukocyte count × 103 μL‡ | 8.8 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 6.2 |
| Platelet count × 103 μL | 237 | 291; P = 0.034† | 171 | 115 |
| Lymphocyte count × 103 μL‡ | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.7; P = 0.02† | 1.5 |
| CD4 cells/μL‡ | 168; P = 0.027† | 17; P < 0.0001† | 157 | 201 |
| CD4 cells/μL‡ | ||||
| < 100 | 5 | 14 | 6 | 5 |
| 100–199 | 2 | 1 | ||
| > 200 | 4 | 3 | 2 | |
*
Each diagnosis was compared with a composite of the other four diagnoses (3 cases of viral pneumonia are not shown). HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; ART = antiretroviral therapy.
†
Only P < 0.05 is shown.
‡
Not normally distributed.