Table 1.
Susceptibility of multidrug-resistant bacteria to fosmidomycina
| Species | Gram stain | MEP | Isolate | Origin | MBL | MIC (μg/ml) for: |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azt | Amk | Gen | Mer | Imp | Fof | Fos | ||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae | − | + | 481234 | Brazil | IMP-1 | 0.19 | 2 | 12 | 3 | 3 | >32 | 1 |
| 69–7329 | Brazil | IMP-4 | 6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 12 | 3 | >32 | 1 | |||
| IR19 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | >32 | >32 | 32 | 16 | 32 | |||
| IR36 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | >32 | 32 | >32 | >32 | 8 | |||
| IR38 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 32 | 2 | |||
| IR44 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | >32 | 16 | 16 | 32 | 4 | |||
| IR59 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | >32 | 32 | >32 | 32 | 4 | |||
| Escherichia coli | − | + | IR9 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | >32 | >32 | 16 | 0.38 | 32 |
| IR31 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | >32 | >32 | 16 | ND | 64 | |||
| IR60 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | >32 | 16 | 16 | 32 | 16 | |||
| IR62 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | 32 | >32 | >32 | 16 | 64 | |||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | − | + | WCH7 | Greece | IMP-4 | 0.064 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.75 | 32 | 32 |
| IR17 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | 6 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 24 | 32 | |||
| IR17-D* | India | NDM-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 32 | |||
| K1 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 6 | 8 | |||
| K1-D* | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | >32 | 24 | 16 | 8 | 32 | |||
| K7 | India | NDM-1 | >64 | >64 | >32 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 16 | |||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | − | + | A1 | Brazil | SPM-1 | 6 | >64 | >32 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 8 |
| A22 | Brazil | SPM-1 | 12 | >64 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 32 | 16 | |||
| A25 | Germany | GIM-1 | 12 | 4 | 12 | >32 | >32 | 12 | 16 | |||
| A31 | Greece | VIM-1 | 48 | >64 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 12 | 8 | |||
| A37 | Italy | VIM-1 | 8 | >64 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 16 | 4 | |||
| A41 | Italy | VIM-1 | 8 | >64 | >32 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 8 | |||
| A57 | Italy | VIM-1 | 8 | >64 | >32 | >32 | 16 | 12 | 8 | |||
| A63 | France | VIM-2 | 4 | >64 | >32 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 32 | |||
| A67 | Poland | VIM-2 | 6 | 32 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 2 | 4 | |||
| A70 | Russia | VIM-2 | 8 | >64 | >32 | >32 | >32 | 16 | 8 | |||
| Chryseobacterium indologenes | − | − | S281 | UK | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | >128 | |
| Enterococcus faecalis | + | − | IQA | UK | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | >128 | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | + | − | S288 | UK | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | >128 | |
The majority of clinical isolates were resistant (R) to aztreonam (Azt; R > 8 μg/ml; R > 16 for P. aeruginosa), amikacin (Amk; R > 16), gentamicin (Gen; R > 4), meropenem (Mer; R > 8), and imipenem (Imp; R > 8), as defined by EUCAST. MICs below breakpoints are bold. Fosfomycin (Fof; R > 32), a specific inhibitor of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, was included in the present study as it shares some pharmacokinetic properties with fosmidomycin (Fos) and targets a similar but not identical spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Fos MICs were determined using the ISO microbroth dilution method accepted by both EUCAST and CLSI. *, laboratory-generated colistin resistant mutants; ND, not done.