Table 2.
Impact of antimalarial drugs on development and persistence of P. falciparum gametocytes
| Drug(s)a | Median gametocyte prevalence (% [IQR]) on day 7 for those who were gametocyte free on day 0 | Median gametocyte prevalence (% [IQR]) for those who were gametocyte carriers on day 0 |
References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | |||
| Non-ACT drugs | ||||
| CQ | 35 (26–44) | 76 (67–88) | 60 (43–83) | 4, 7, 127, 183, 333, 367, 383, 384, 440, 466 |
| SP | 55 (47–62) | 87.1 (78.3–97.5) | 71.4 (54.0–83.0) | 7, 55, 93, 183, 287, 333, 367, 383, 440, 449, 466, 502 |
| AQ | 15 (8–23) | 69 (58–74) | 37 (22–46) | 93, 440, 442, 456 |
| SP + CQ | 39 (38–44) | 89 (58–100) | 60 (33–74) | 93, 183, 375, 461, 489 |
| SP + AQ | 10 (7–19) | 56 (33–78) | 33 (24–43) | 55, 117, 144, 146, 287, 444, 454, 526, 530 |
| ACT regimens | ||||
| SP + AS | 8 (5–18) | 38 (25–60) | 18 (17–75) | 55, 185, 287, 412, 466, 504 |
| AQ + AS | 5 (0–13) | 35 (30–40) | 13 (0–41) | 74, 103, 117, 146, 147, 185, 189, 339, 454, 526 |
| MQ + AS | 1 (1–3) | 13 (3–30) | 1 (0–9) | 11, 12, 146, 169, 205, 242, 266, 437, 451, 489, 532 |
| AL | 2 (1–4) | 20 (18–41) | 16 (4–19) | 55, 74, 117, 144, 146, 147, 205, 213, 242, 266, 279, 339, 353, 374, 444, 461, 489, 527, 530, 532 |
| DHA-PPQ | 4 (3–5) | 33 (15–49) | 23 (17–29) | 11, 12, 169, 189, 213, 279, 374, 437, 527, 530, 532 |
| ACT-PQ regimen | ||||
| SP + AS + PQ | 0 (0–0) | 20 (0–40) | 0 (0–0) | 412, 506 |
a
ACT, artemisinin combination therapy; CQ, chloroquine; SP, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; AQ, amodiaquine; AS, artesunate; MQ, mefloquine; AL, artemether-lumefantrine; DHA-PPQ, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; PQ, primaquine. Only drug combinations for which we were able to obtain raw data for two or more trials were included.