Table 3.
HSV-specific cell-mediated immune responses
| Cytokine response | Result from stimulation with HSV-1 nucleocapsida |
Result from stimulation with HSV-2 lysatea | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSV− | HSV+ (D) | HSV genitalis (RG) | HSV meningitis (RM) | D vs RG | D vs RM | RG vs RM | HSV genitalis (RG) | HSV meningitis (RM) | RG vs RM | ||
| CD4+ T-blast | 1.8 (0.0–5.7) | 126 (51–491) | 588 (226–1,143) | 723 (306–2,190) | NS | ** | NS | 830 (654–971) | 2,250 (1,579–2,738) | * | |
| IL-12 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 4.9 (1.1–5.5) | 5.1 (4.2–5.6) | *** | *** | NS | 4.0 (0.7–4.1) | 5.4 (4.4–5.6) | ** | |
| IL-10 | 0 (0–0) | 1.9 (0.0–4.5) | 7.3 (5.7–16) | 16 (10–19) | ** | *** | NS | 8 (5–17) | 15 (11–22) | NS | |
| TNF-α | 0 (0–0) | 14 (2.8–45) | 96 (59–213) | 74 (59–153) | *** | *** | NS | 92 (62–138) | 141 (109–180) | NS | |
| IL-4 | 0 (0–0) | 0.6 (0.0–1.8) | 0.5 (0.1–0.6) | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) | NS | *** | ** | 0.3 (0.1–0.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.6) | * | |
| IL-13 | 0 (0–0) | 12 (2.4–20) | 11 (2–30) | 45 (18–85) | NS | ** | * | 4.5 (0.7–5.2) | 26 (17–51) | ** | |
| IL-5 | 0 (0–0) | 4 (0.0–12) | 0.0 (0.0–16) | 13 (7–20) | NS | NS | NS | 1.4 (0.0–5.2) | 18 (6–40) | * | |
| IL-2 | 0 (0–0) | 43 (16–102) | 57 (27–97) | 67 (47–146) | NS | NS | NS | 40 (32–54) | 112 (64–149) | * | |
| GM-CSF | 0.0 (0.0–1.3) | 11 (3.1–62) | 11 (4–64) | 42 (23–66) | NS | NS | NS | 4.3 (0.8–9.2) | 58 (27–125) | * | |
| IFN-γ | 0 (0–0) | 301 (97–1740) | 226 (58–1278) | 816 (542–1,467) | NS | NS | NS | 221 (81–654) | 1879 (936–2,956) | * | |
| IFN-α | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 4.2 (0.0–9.9) | * | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | NS | |||||
| IL-6 | 2.4 (0.0–3.5) | 121 (63–463) | 421 (167–1,296) | 252 (215–377) | NS | NS | NS | 1,907 (844–2,571) | 3,636 (1,875–5,671) | NS | |
| IL-17 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.4) | NS | NS | NS | 0 (0–0) | 3.0 (0.0–10.7) | NS | |
| IP-10 | 8,744 (5,863–10,942) | 7,319 (6,595–8,426) | NS | 2,081 (763–2,669) | 4,142 (1,592–6,375) | NS | |||||
| IL-9 | 0 (0–0) | 2.3 (0.0–3.1) | NS | 2.7 (0.0–3.6) | 5.2 (3.9–7.5) | NS | |||||
a
Median and 25th to 75th percentiles of the numbers of CD4+ T cell lymphoblasts generated per ml of blood and cytokines were measured (pg/ml, net results) in supernatants of whole blood cultured 3 days (IP-10, IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-α) or 7 days in the presence of HSV-1 nucleocapsid or HSV-2-infected whole-cell lysates. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. NS, not significant. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. Patient groups: patients with recurrent HSV-2 meningitis [HSV meningitis (RM); n = 10] or recurrent genital HSV-2 infection [HSV genitalis (RG); n = 10] and blood donors seropositive [HSV+ (D); n = 21] or seronegative (HSV−; n = 19) for HSV antibodies.