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. 2011 Jun 24;6(6):e21592. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021592

Table 1. The 14 wave-of-advance models.

Temporal Origin Spatial Origin Mutation Rates Population Density (ind/km2) Carrying Capacity
Neol SE–EMR 10.5 ky BP1 South East3 Low6 0.5 500
Paleo SE–EMR 21 k BP2 South East3 Low6 0.05 50
Paleo S–EMR 21 k BP2 South4 Low6 0.05 50
Paleo SW–EMR 21 k BP2 South West5 Low6 0.05 50
Neol SE–GMR 10.5 ky BP1 South East3 High7 0.5 500
Paleo SE–GMR 21 k BP2 South East3 High7 0.05 50
Paleo S–GMR 21 k BP2 South4 High7 0.05 50
Paleo SW–GMR 21 k BP2 South West5 High7 0.05 50
Recent SE–EMR 3 ky BP1 South East3 Low6 0.5 500
Recent S–EMR 3 k BP2 South4 Low6 0.5 500
Recent SW–EMR 3 k BP2 South West5 Low6 0.5 500
Recent SE–GMR 3 ky BP1 South East3 High7 0.5 500
Recent S–GMR 3 k BP2 South4 High7 0.5 500
Recent SW–GMR 3 k BP2 South West5 High7 0.5 500
1

350 generations ago. In these simulations, Europe was colonized in less than 180 generations (SPLATCHE parameters m = 0.45, r = 0.5).

2

700 generations ago. In these simulations, Europe was colonized in less than 180 generations (SPLATCHE parameters m = 0.45, r = 0.5).

3

100 generations ago. In these simulations, Europe was colonized in less than 50 generations (SPLATCHE parameters m = 0.9, r = 1.0).

4

Anatolian origin 39°N, 32°E.

5

Italian origin 41°N, 13°E.

6

Iberian peninsula origin 40°N, 3°E.

7

6.96×10−4 per generation – Evolutionary Mutation Rate (EMR, Zhivotovsky et al 2006).

8

6×10−4 to 3×10−3 per generation – Germline Mutation Rates (GMR, Balaresque et al 2010).