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Immunofluorescence localization of RAPGEF4 in stallion and mouse sperm. RAPGEF4 localizes to the midpiece in stallion (A) and mouse (E) sperm. B and F) corresponding bright field images for A and E, respectively. C and G) secondary antibody alone controls demonstrating background levels of fluorescence with corresponding (D and H) bright field images. Antibodies used were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology as detailed in Materials and Methods. Bar = 5 μm.
