Table 3.

Characteristics of withdrawal symptoms among persons with inhalant use disorders and cocaine dependence

Summary variables	Lifetime inhalant use n = 644 Weighted % (SE) or [weighted mean] (SE)	DSM-IV inhalant use disorder classification				Cocaine dependenced weighted % (SE) or [weighted mean] (SE)
		No disorder n = 526 Weighted % (SE) or [weighted mean] (SE)	Inhalant abusea n= 117 Weighted % (SE) or [weighted mean] (SE)	Inhalant dependenceb n = 21 Weighted % (SE) or [weighted mean] (SE)	χ2 test with design-based corrected F or [F-test from linear regression] (P)c
Mean (SE) number of withdrawal symptoms in group	[0.75] (0.10)	[0.33] (0.07)	[1.97] (0.36)	[6.45] (2.03)	[10.9] (<0.00l)	[9.19] (0.27)
% who had 2+ withdrawal symptoms and withdrawal symptoms were clinically significant	5.1 (1.09)	1.5 (0.65)	16.3 (4.64)	49.2(16.67)	3I.7(<0.00I)	48.9 (3.45)
% who had 3+ withdrawal symptoms, and at least 2+ were clinically significant	5.0(1.09)	1.4 (0.64)	16.3 (4.64)	47.8(15.78)	3I.0(<0.00I)	48.7 (3.48)
% who used substance to avoid bad after-effects	1.6 (0.55)	0.7 (0.48)	4.4(2.13)	10.3 (6.33)	NA	48.0(3.10)
% who met withdrawal criterion (clinical significance <2+> or used inhalants to avoid after-effects)	5.6(1.12)	1.6 (0.65)	18.1 (4.74)	53.4(15.33)	36.7(<0.00l)	69.8(3.12)

Notes: All prevalence estimates of withdrawal symptoms are specific to the indicated drug (ie, inhalants or cocaine).

^awithout a lifetime history of inhalant dependence;

^bwith or without a lifetime history of abuse;

^cpair-wise comparisons were conducted for statistically significant global tests; all pair-wise comparisons were statistically significant (P < 0.05);

^dwithdrawal symptoms among cocaine dependence are reported for comparative purposes, but statistical comparisons were not made with inhalant use disorders because of non-mutually exclusive grouping;

^enot applicable due to cell counts <5.

Abbreviations: DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition; SE, standard error.