Table 2. TDC vs. ADHD- vs. ADHD+ Comparisons in Parent Ratings of Psychopathology.
|
TDC (n=69) |
ADHD- (n=51) |
ADHD+ (n=24) |
Group Comparisons | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chi-Square | ||||||||||
| x2 | df | p | ||||||||
| ADHD- Combined Type n (%) | - | 22 (43) | 16 (67) | 4.02 | 1 | <0.05 | ||||
| Males n (%) | 30 (43) | 41 (80) | 19 (79) | 20.5 | 2 | <0.001 | ||||
| Current Medication n (%) | - | 20 (39) | 8 (33) | 0.2 | 1 | 0.62 | ||||
| Comobidity Rate n (%) | - | 18 (35) | 8 (33) | 0.4 | 1 | 0.54 | ||||
| ANCOVA (age, sex) | ||||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F | df | p | Post-Hoc | |
| Age | 12 | 3 | 11 | 3 | 11 | 3 | - | |||
| Full IQ | 112 | 13 | 110 | 14 | 107 | 14 | 1.0 | 2, 139 | 0.37 | - |
| Verbal IQ* | 114 | 14 | 110 | 14 | 108 | 17 | 1.6 | 2, 137 | 0.21 | - |
| Performance IQ* | 108 | 12 | 106 | 14 | 104 | 12 | 1.5 | 2, 137 | 0.24 | - |
| CPRS-R:L | ||||||||||
| Oppositional | 43 | 4 | 54 | 9 | 63 | 11 | 62.1 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| Cognitive/Inattentive | 46 | 4 | 68 | 9 | 70 | 6 | 238.1 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| Hyperactivity | 45 | 4 | 66 | 13 | 70 | 11 | 96.0 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| Anxious/Shy | 45 | 4 | 52 | 10 | 59 | 14 | 20.9 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Perfectionism | 45 | 5 | 49 | 7 | 53 | 9 | 9.1 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD+ |
| Social Problems | 46 | 2 | 53 | 10 | 61 | 14 | 28.3 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Psychosomatic | 46 | 6 | 54 | 13 | 56 | 15 | 12.7 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Restless-Impulsive | 45 | 4 | 66 | 9 | 70 | 8 | 191.6 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Emotional Lability | 44 | 4 | 51 | 9 | 57 | 15 | 24.4 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| ADHD Index | 44 | 3 | 70 | 8 | 71 | 6 | 380.5 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| GI Total | 44 | 3 | 63 | 8 | 68 | 8 | 175.4 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| DSM-IV Inattentive | 44 | 3 | 69 | 9 | 71 | 7 | 307.3 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| DSM-IV H-I | 45 | 4 | 66 | 13 | 73 | 10 | 114.0 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| DSM-IV Total | 44 | 3 | 70 | 8 | 74 | 5 | 186.4 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| CBCL | ||||||||||
| Anxious/Depressed | 51 | 2 | 58 | 7 | 60 | 9 | 23.1 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Withdrawn/Depressed | 52 | 4 | 55 | 5 | 61 | 9 | 20.8 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC=ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| Somatic Complaints | 52 | 4 | 56 | 8 | 58 | 9 | 10.2 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Social Problems | 50 | 1 | 57 | 7 | 62 | 9 | 39.8 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Thought Problems | 51 | 3 | 58 | 8 | 64 | 8 | 40.4 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Attention Problems | 51 | 2 | 65 | 7 | 70 | 8 | 144.3 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Rule Breaking Behavior | 51 | 2 | 58 | 7 | 62 | 7 | 36.6 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Aggressive Behavior | 51 | 2 | 58 | 8 | 63 | 7 | 38.0 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Internalizing Prob | 44 | 8 | 55 | 11 | 61 | 9 | 30.9 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Externalizing Prob | 42 | 8 | 56 | 10 | 62 | 7 | 56.6 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Total Problems | 40 | 8 | 59 | 8 | 66 | 6 | 120.6 | 2, 139 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| CCC-2** | ||||||||||
| Speech | 10 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 3.9 | 2, 132 | 0.02 | - |
| Syntax | 10 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 11.9 | 2, 132 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD+ |
| Semantic | 11 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 12.4 | 2, 132 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
| Coherence | 11 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 25.0 | 2, 132 | <0.001 | TDC=ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| Inappropriate Initiation | 12 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 54.7 | 2, 132 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| Stereotyped | 11 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 27.5 | 2, 132 | <0.001 | TDC=ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| Context | 11 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 27.7 | 2, 132 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| Nonverbal | 11 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 45.6 | 2, 132 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| Social Problems | 11 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 42.0 | 2, 132 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| Interests | 11 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 21.5 | 2, 132 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| GCC | 88 | 18 | 72 | 16 | 49 | 15 | 37.5 | 2, 132 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-<ADHD+ |
| SIDC | 3 | 6 | -4.64 | 9 | -7.41 | 8 | 18.6 | 2, 132 | <0.001 | TDC<ADHD-=ADHD+ |
Note: GI=Global Index; H-I=Hyperactive/Impulsive
*
For 1 child classified as ADHD- (SRS T Score < 60) and 1 child classified as ADHD+ (SRS T score >60) estimates of PIQ and VIQ were unavailable.
**
As opposed to the other measures, lower scores on the CCC-2 indicate greater impairment; 2 ADHD- and 1 ADHD did not have usable CCC-2 (1 ADHD- and 1 ADHD+ had inconsistent parent scorings, 1 parent of a child classified as ADHD- had not completed the questionnaire). Additionally, 4 TDC did not have usable CCC-2 scores (2 had inconsistent parent scorings and 2 had not completed the questionnaire).