Table 1.
Demographic, dietary and health-related characteristics of all study participants and stratified by BMIa
| Allb | BMIc(kg/m2) |
P-trendd | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <25 | 25 – 30 | ≥30 | |||
| n | 330 | 96 | 123 | 111 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Women | 187 (57) | 44 (23) | 64 (34) | 79 (42) | <0.01 |
| Men | 143 (43) | 52 (36) | 59 (41) | 32 (22) | |
| Age (years) | 44.8 ± 15.4 | 41.9 ± 15.4 | 44.8 ± 15.5 | 47.3 ± 15.0 | 0.04 |
| 18–29 | 65 (20) | 25 (38) | 26 (40) | 14 (21) | 0.11 |
| 30–54 | 169 (51) | 49 (29) | 58 (34) | 62 (37) | |
| ≥55 | 96 (29) | 22 (23) | 39 (41) | 35 (36) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.1 ± 4.8 | 22.7 ± 1.2 | 27.3 ± 1.4 | 33.6 ± 2.8 | <0.001 |
| Body fat (%) | 30.9 ± 9.5 | 22.1 ± 6.3 | 29.8 ± 6.2 | 39.7 ± 6.7 | <0.001 |
| Current smokers | 92 (28) | 40 (43) | 25 (27) | 27 (29) | <0.01 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1953 ± 878 | 2013 ± 903 | 2000 ± 948 | 1839 ± 752 | 0.32 |
| Total fat | |||||
| (g/d) | 87 ± 55 | 89 ± 58 | 89 ± 61 | 83 ± 45 | 0.65 |
| (% energy) | 38 ± 11 | 37 ± 12 | 38 ± 10 | 39 ± 11 | 0.63 |
| Carbohydrate | |||||
| (g/d) | 208 ± 114 | 223 ± 116 | 207 ± 120 | 196 ± 103 | 0.27 |
| (% energy) | 44 ± 14 | 46 ± 13 | 43 ± 14 | 43 ± 14 | 0.27 |
| Protein | |||||
| (g/d) | 87 ± 47 | 83 ± 35 | 95 ± 61 | 82 ± 35 | 0.09 |
| (% energy) | 19 ± 7 | 18 ± 6 | 20 ± 8 | 19 ± 8 | 0.13 |
| Dietary EPA (g/d) | 1.6 ± 2.2 | 1.3 ± 1.9 | 1.9 ± 2.7 | 1.6 ± 2.0 | 0.16 |
| Dietary DHA, (g/d) | 1.9 ± 2.7 | 1.6 ± 2.2 | 2.2 ± 3.2 | 1.8 ± 2.2 | 0.24 |
| RBC EPAe (% of total fatty acids) | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 2.5 ± 1.5 | 2.9 ± 2.0 | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 0.09 |
| <1.5 | 87 (26) | 26 (30) | 33 (38) | 28 (32) | 0.17 |
| 1.5–3.9 | 161 (49) | 54 (33) | 59 (37) | 48 (30) | |
| >3.9 | 82 (25) | 16 (19) | 31 (38) | 35 (43) | |
| RBC DHAe (% of total fatty acids) | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 6.6 ± 1.7 | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 7.0 ± 1.8 | 0.17 |
| <5.8 | 84 (25) | 29 (34) | 30 (36) | 25 (30) | 0.25 |
| 5.8–8.2 | 168 (51) | 51 (30) | 64 (38) | 53 (32) | |
| >8.2 | 78 (24) | 16 (20) | 29 (37) | 33 (42) | |
| N-3 indexe, f (% of total fatty acids) | 9.6 ± 3.4 | 9.0 ± 3.0 | 9.8 ± 3.5 | 10.0 ± 3.4 | 0.11 |
| <7.0 | 83 (25) | 28 (34) | 30 (36) | 25 (30) | 0.25 |
| 7.0-12.1 | 164 (50) | 51 (31) | 62 (38) | 51 (31) | |
| >12.1 | 83 (25) | 17 (20) | 31 (37) | 35 (42) | |
a
Values are means ± s.d. or n (%). Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.
b
Percentages are column percents.
c
Percentages are row percents
d
Based on tests for trend across BMI using F tests from ANOVA for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables.
e
Categorized as <25th percentile, 25th to 75th percentiles and >75th percentile.
f
RBC EPA + DHA