Table 1.
Results of cross-sectional study of women at baseline visit 1992-1996 based on Never, Past or Current PME use
| Post menopausal estrogen (PME) use group | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Overall Mean±SD | Never users (330) | Past users (245) | Current users (469) | P value for trend | Age-adj P value | Multivariate-adj P value |
| Age (years) | 71.9±10.8 | 74.3±10.7 | 75.4±9.3 | 68.3±10.5*† | <0.0001 | ------------- | ------------- |
| Age started PME (years) | 50.9±9.8 | ------------- | 50.6±9.9 | 51.1±9.7 | 0.5 | <0.01 | ------------- |
| Years on PME (years) | 9.2±11.1 | ------------- | 7.9±8.2 | 16.5±11.1 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ------------- |
| Age at menopause | 46.4±7.4 | 47.7±6.4 | 46.7±7.2¥ | 45.2±8.2* | <0.01 | 0.02 | ------------- |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8±4.2 | 25.0±4.6 | 24.8±4.0 | 24.6±4.0 | 0.5 | 0.04 | 0.1 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 137.9±22.8 | 140.2±23.0 | 140.4±22.9 | 134.9±22.4*† | <0.001 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.6±9.4 | 74.9±9.7 | 74.4±9.4 | 74.6±9.3 | 0.76 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
| Pulse (beats/min) | 65.6±11.1 | 66.2±10.8 | 66.4±11.8 | 64.8±11.0 | 0.09 | 0.2 | 0.06 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.94±0.2 | 0.97±0.2 | 0.94±0.2¥ | 0.91±0.2* | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| eGFR by MDRD (ml/min/1.73m2) | 66.1±15.8 | 63.3±15.7 | 66.0±17.5¥ | 68.1±14.7* | 0.0001 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Ln Urine albumin: creatinine ratio (UACR) | 2.70±0.85 | 2.77±0.92 | 2.69±0.84 | 2.66±0.81 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| UACR (mg/g)$ | 13.1 (8.4-21.8) | 13.7 (9.2-22.6) | 12.6 (8.0-22.3) | 13.1 (8.1-21.6) | |||
| Percentages- N (%) | |||||||
| Hysterectomy | 491 (47.0) | 96 (29.1) | 105 (42.9)¥ | 290 (61.8)*† | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ------------- |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 106 (10.2) | 35 (10.6) | 24 (9.8) | 47 (10.0) | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| History of smoking (ever) | 531 (50.9) | 154 (46.7) | 129 (52.7) | 248 (52.9) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Alcohol use/drinker | 543 (52.3) | 160 (48.9) | 120 (49.2) | 263 (56.3)* | 0.07 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Exercise 3x/week | 712 (68.5) | 217 (66.2) | 171 (70.1) | 324 (69.4) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Diabetes | 56 (5.4) | 29 (8.8) | 15 (6.1) | 12 (2.6)*† | <0.001 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| CKD (eGFR ≤60 ml/min/1.73m2) | 388 (37.2) | 149 (45.2) | 102 (41.6) | 137 (29.2)*† | <0.0001 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Albuminuria (UACR≥25 mg/g) | 207 (19.8) | 70 (21.2) | 52 (21.2) | 85 (18.1) | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| History of a heart attack | 42 (4.0) | 16 (4.9) | 14 (5.7) | 12 (2.6)† | 0.08 | 0.8 | |
| History of kidney stones | 37 (3.6) | 16 (4.9) | 4 (1.6)¥ | 17 (3.6) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| History of kidney disorder | 13 (1.3) | 4 (1.2) | 4 (1.6) | 5 (1.1) | 0.8 | 0.9 | |
| On any blood pressure medication | 296 (28.5) | 97 (29.6) | 80 (33.0) | 119 (25.5)† | 0.1 | 0.8 | |
| On beta blocker | 106 (10.2) | 38 (11.6) | 21 (8.6) | 47 (10.1) | 0.5 | 0.4 | |
| On diuretic | 203 (19.5) | 65 (19.8) | 59 (24.2) | 79 (16.9)† | 0.07 | 0.5 | |
| On CCB | 128 (12.3) | 40 (12.2) | 34 (13.9) | 54 (11.6) | 0.7 | 0.8 | |
| Using NSAIDs | 249 (23.9) | 77 (45.2) | 50 41.63 | 122 (29.2) | 0.2 | 0.3 | |
eGFR- estimated glomerular filtration rate by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Equation. UACR- urine albumin: creatinine ratio.
age adjusted P<0.05, for Current users compared to Never users
age- adjusted P<0.05 for Current users when compared to Past PME users.
age-adjusted P<0.05 for Past users compared to Never users.
Statistics performed on natural log transformed values for normalization (see row above) but medians also presented with 25th-75th interquartile range. Multivariate adjustment includes age, weight (BMI obese, overweight, or normal weight), HTN, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking. When adjusting the variables included in the multivariate adjustment model, that particular variable is not included such as for BMI the multivariate adjustment does not include weight, for SBP then HTN is not included, etc. Bold values signify P<0.05.