. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Interpers Violence. 2010 Dec 13;26(13):2658–2680. doi: 10.1177/0886260510388288

Table 3.

Risk Factors for Peer Violence Perpetration, by Generation Among Boston Public High School Students, 2008 (n = 1,348)

		Generation^a
	Total	First, recent	First, nonrecent	Second	Third	p value
Past 30-day substance use	589 (44.0)	27 (24.0)	121 (44.0)	243 (46.0)	198 (46.0)	.0003
Poor school performance^b	595 (44.0)	31 (28.0)	119 (43.0)	241 (45.0)	205 (47.0)	.0029
Live in single-parent household	592 (44.0)	41 (37.0)	114 (42.0)	216 (41.0)	221 (51.0)	.0037
Physical discipline/assault by a caregiver	215 (16.0)	16 (14.0)	48 (18.0)	88 (17.0)	63 (15.0)	.6600
Modified Depression Scale, M (SD)^c	13.4 (4.2)	12.69 (4.4)	13.3 (4.4)	13.6 (4.0)	13.2 (4.3)	.1600
Perceived Neighborhood Problems Scale, M (SD)^d	11.2 (3.7)	12.45 (4.1)	11.5 (3.9)	11.0 (3.7)	11.0 (3.5)	.0006

Note: p value is for chi-square goodness-of-fit test for an ANOVA regression model.

First-generation students classified as “recent arrivals” immigrated to the United States <4 years ago, “nonrecent arrivals” came to the United States 4 or greater years ago. Second-generation students were U.S. born and had at least one foreign-born parent; third-generation students were U.S. born and had two foreign-born parents.

Earned mostly Cs, Ds, or Fs during last grading period.

Scale ranges from 5 to 25 with higher scores indicating more frequent depressive symptoms.

Scale ranged from 6 to 18, with a higher score indicating a perception of more neighborhood problems.