. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Jul;31(7):1485–1494. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.221101

Table 2. Summary of in vitro cellular models to study SMC differentiation.

Model	Origin	Treatment	SMMHC	Contractile	Ref.
C3H/10T1/2 cells	Mouse mesoderm	TGF-β1	yes	not tested	⁴
Monc-1 cells	Mouse neural crest	Serum or TGF-β	yes – SM1 isoform	yes	^{5, 34}
JoMa1 cells	Mouse neural crest	TGF-β	not tested	not tested	³⁸
A404	Mouse pluripotent embryonal carcinoma	atRA followed by puromycin	yes – SM1 isoform	not tested	⁶
ESC-EB	Mouse	atRA and db-cAMP	yes –SM2 isoforms	yes	^{20, 21}
ESC(SMAA or SMMHC promoter/puromycin resistance gene-EB	Mouse	puromycin	yes	yes	²²
ESC-EB followed by magnetic selection of CD34⁺ cells	Human	PDGF-BB	yes	yes	²³
ESC-EB outgrowth	Human	Combination of media change and different extracellular matrix environments	yes	yes	²⁴
ESC/iPS adherent monolayer	Mouse and human	atRA	YES	yes	^{27, 28}