Table 2.
List of organisms and ribonucleases that modulate their virulence.
| Organism | Ribonuclease | Role in virulence | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gram‐negatives | |||
| Shigella flexnari | RNase R | Promotes expression of virulence genes and murine infection | Tobe et al. (1992) |
| Enteroinvasive E. coli | RNase R | Promotes virulence in murine infection | Tobe et al. (1992) |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | RNase R | Promotes cold growth | Erova et al. (2008) |
| Motility and virulence in murine infection | Erova et al. (2008) | ||
| Brucella abortus | RNase R | No role played | Miyoshi et al. (2007) |
| Salmonella enterica | PNPase | Promotes cold growth | Clements et al. (2002) |
| Promotes acute infection and virulence in murine infections | Clements et al. (2002) | ||
| Suppresses Salmonella plasmid virulence genes | Ygberg et al. (2006) | ||
| RNase E | Degrade mgt required from intercellular survival with non‐coding Amg RNA | Lee and Groisman (2010) | |
| Yersinia enterocolitica | PNPase | Promotes cold growth | Goverde et al. (1998) |
| Yersinia psuedotuberculosis | PNPase | Promotes cold growth | Rosenzweig et al. (2005) |
| Promotes virulence in murine and cell culture infections | Rosenzweig et al. (2007) | ||
| Yersinia pestis | PNPase | Promotes virulence in cell culture infection an optimal T3SS function | Rosenzweig et al. (2005) |
| Promotes virulence in murine model of infection | This work (Fig. 2) | ||
| RNase E | Promotes virulence in cell culture infection and optimal T3SS function | Yang et al. (2008) | |
| Dichelobacter nodosus | PNPase | Suppresses virulence and twitching motility | Palanisamy et al. (2010) |
| Campylobacter jejuni | PNPase | Promotes cold growth | Haddad et al. (2009) |
| Legionella pneumophila | RNase R | Promotes cold growth | Söderberg and Cianciotto (2010) |
| Helicobacter pylori | RNase R | Cold inducible; promotes motility and expression of apoptosis genes | Tsao et al. (2009) |
| Gram‐positives | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus | RNase III | Suppress inflammation by degrading spa (encodes Staph protein A) | Huntzinger et al. (2005) |
| Suppresses expression of virulence‐associated genes | Boisset et al. (2007) | ||
| PNPase | Promotes cold growth | Anderson and Dunman (2009) | |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | PNPase | Degrades virulence transcripts during late exponential phase | Barnett et al. (2007) |
| CvfA | Regulate virulence transcripts at stationary phase and promotes virulence | Kang et al. (2010) | |
| Streptococcus mutans | PNPase | Is upregulated during acid‐shock (dental implications) | Len et al. (2004) |
T3SS, type three secretion system; CvfA, a putative ribonuclease.