FIGURE 3.

Suggestions of pharmaceutical approaches to the treatment or prevention of autonomic dysfunction in diabetes. Central to this evolving concept is the role of adipocytokines and inflammation. AGE, advanced glycation end product; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARI, aldose reductase inhibitor; e-NOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; IL-6 interleukin 6; i-NOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NFkB, nuclear factor-kappa B; PKC, protein kinase C; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dimutase; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor alpha; Adapted from Vinik et al. (2006) with permission from the authors and the publishers of Vascular Pharmacology [46].