Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of 191 cases and 203 controls with coronary disease

	Cases (n=191)	Controls (n=203)	p value*
Age (mean ± SD)	72 ± 12	67 ± 11	0.0002
Male (%)	71%	64%	0.16
BMI (mean ± SD)	28.7 ± 7.2	30.0 ± 6.9	0.08
Diabetes (%)	49%	34%	0.003
Hypertension (%)	81%	74%	0.14
History of atrial fibrillation / flutter	31%	14%	<0.0001
Serum creatinine, mg/dL (median, IQR)†	1.4 (1.0 – 1.8)	1.1 (0.9 – 1.4)	<0.0001
Cholesterol, mg/dL (means ± SD) ‡	166 ± 45	174 ± 50	0.17
Use of beta blockers (%)	69%	61%	0.08
Use of ACE inhibitors (%)	53%	47%	0.23
Use of angiotensin receptor blockers (%)	6%	11%	0.08
Smoking§			0.56
Current smoker	30%	28%
Former smoker	48%	45%
Non-smoker	22%	27%
LVSD			<0.0001
Normal (EF ≥ 55%)	26%	54%
Mild to moderate (EF 36–54%)	38%	28%
Severe (EF ≤ 35%)	36%	19%

EF: Ejection Fraction; LVSD: Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction assessed by echocardiogram

^*p values from independent samples t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.

^†Creatinine values available for 175 cases and 196 controls. Due to skewed distribution, creatinine values were log-transformed for all statistical tests.

^‡Cholesterol values available for 114 cases and 156 controls.

^§Smoking history available for 152 cases and 140 controls.