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Survival of Smad3−/− mice coinfected with MNV and H. bilis (MNV+Hb) or infected with H. bilis only (Hb). Survival curves from studies 1 to 4 are shown (A through D, respectively). There was no significant difference in survival between coinfected and singly infected animals in any of the 4 studies. In C and D, survival of either infected group was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different from that of control animals (broth, MNV, or lysate).
