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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Future Microbiol. 2011 Feb;6(2):217–230. doi: 10.2217/fmb.10.173

Figure 1. Lepromatous macrophages have increased expression and activity of IDO that is probably induced by mycobacterial components of cytokines such as TNF or IFN-γ.

Figure 1

Increased IL-10 and PGE2 levels were observed in LL macrophages. LL macrophages also present increased expression of the scavenger receptor CD163 and oxidized phospholipids, which is related to PPAR-γ induction by the mycobacteria. By contrast, in tuberculoid macrophages the decrease in IDO expression was probably due to increased nitric oxide and other reactive radicals, which may contribute to the control of bacillary load. IDO: Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase; LL: Lepromatous leprosy; NO: Nitric oxide; OxPL: Oxidized phospholipid; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2.