Table 4. Randomized Controlled GCSF Trials^* in Patients With Acute MI.

	Valgimigli et al. (58)		Ince et al. (56) FIRSTLINE-AMI		Ripa et al. (60)  STEMMI		Zohlnhöfer et al. (61)  REVIVAL-2		Engelmann et al. (59)  G-CSF-STEMI
Treatment Group	GCSF	Control	GCSF	Control†	GCSF	Control	GCSF	Control	GCSF	Control
GCSF dosage	5 /μg/kg/day for  4 days beginning 37 ± 66 h after symptom onset		10 /μg/kg/day for  6 days beginning 85 ± 30 min after reperfusion		10 /μg/kg/day for  6 days beginning 1–2 days after AMI		10 /μg/kg/day for  5 days beginning 5 days after AMI		10 /μg/kg/day for  5 days beginning 6 h to 7 days after symptom onset
Duration of follow-up	6 months		4 months		6 months		4–6 months		3 months
n	10	10	25	25	39	39	56	58	23	21
LVEF	Increased	Increased	Increased	Unchanged	Increased	Increased	Increased	Increased	Increased	Increased
Perfusion	Increased	Increased	NR	NR	NR	NR	Increased‡	Increased‡	Unchanged	Unchanged
LVEDV	Unchanged	Unchanged	Unchanged	Declined	Increased	Increased	Decreased	Decreased	Increased	Increased
LVESV	NR	NR	NR	NR	Decreased	Decreased	Decreased	Decreased	Decreased	Decreased
Wall thickening	NR	NR	Increased	Increased	Increased	Increased	NR	NR	Increased	Increased

Parameters displaying significantly better performance than was observed in the alternative treatment group are identified with bold italicized text. Within-group changes from baseline to follow-up were either insignificant (p > 0.05) or the significance was not reported.

^*Double-blind: Ripa et al. (60), Zohlnhöfer et al. (61), and Engelmann et al. (59); single-blind: Valgimigli et al. (58); open-label: Ince et al. (56).

^†No placebo treatment.

^‡Decreased infarct size.

AMI = acute myocardial infarction; GCSF = granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; LVEDV = left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV = left ventricular end-systolic volume; NR = not reported.