Table 1.
Mean values (SD) for daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and quality of life in subjects with mild-to-moderate winter depressive mood at baseline, posttreatment, and at the one-month followup (N = 47). Treatment refers to bright light therapy in a light room.
| Measure | Baseline | Posttreatment | Followup | Within-subjects repeated measures ANOVA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | F(df)5 | P value | |
| Fatigue questionnaire (FQ)1 | 19.3 | (4.2) | 10.7 | (7.7) | 9.5 | (9.8) | 24.7(1.7,79.4) | <.001 |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)2 | 10.0 | (4.1) | 6.4 | (4.0) | 5.5 | (3.1) | 59.1 (2,90) | <.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| VAS3 | ||||||||
| Mood | 49.5 | (11.7) | 65.5 | (15.6) | 70.4 | (15.1) | 57.1 (1.6,75.8) | <.001 |
| Sleepiness | 36.1 | (14.9) | 60.8 | (20.0) | 68.5 | (14.2) | 82.8 (1.7,77.9) | <.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| SF-364 | ||||||||
| Physical health (PCS) | 47.7 | (7.4) | 49.0 | (6.7) | 51.1 | (6.6) | 6.0 (2,92) | =.004 |
| Physical functioning (PF) | 83.3 | (12.9) | 87.3 | (11.5) | 90.2 | (10.9) | 11.7 (1.8,80.6) | <.001 |
| Role—physical (RP) | 58.5 | (33.1) | 78.2 | (31.1) | 90.4 | (19.2) | 20.0 (2,92) | <.001 |
| Bodily pain (BP) | 57.6 | (26.8) | 71.7 | (23.6) | 76.6 | (23.6) | 17.6 (1.8,80.5) | <.001 |
| General health (GH) | 63.8 | (23.1) | 70.9 | (19.0) | 75.4 | (17.0) | 14.6 (2,92) | <.001 |
| Mental health (MCS) | 31.8 | (10.4) | 46.2 | (11.0) | 49.8 | (8.9) | 66.7 (2,92) | <.001 |
| Vitality (VT) | 30.1 | (16.8) | 61.9 | (22.6) | 69.1 | (17.1) | 82.5 (2,92) | <.001 |
| Social functioning (SF) | 62.8 | (23.4) | 80.9 | (21.8) | 91.5 | (14.1) | 35.8 (2,92) | <.001 |
| Role—emotional (RE) | 43.3 | (41.1) | 80.1 | (29.2) | 88.7 | (24.4) | 43.5 (1.6,72.3) | <.001 |
| Mental health (MH) | 56.4 | (16.6) | 75.1 | (18.4) | 79.6 | (14.5) | 38.4 (2,92) | <.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | |||
| Proportion with ESS total score ≤86 | 13 | (27.7) | 38 | (80.0) | 39 | (84.8) | ||
| Proportion with FQ total score ≤127 | 3 | (6.4) | 34 | (72.3) | 39 | (83.0) | ||
1High values correspond to high level of fatigue (feeling worse).
2High values correspond to high level of sleepiness (feeling worse).
3Four uni- or Two bivariate 0–100 visual analogue scales. Low values correspond to high level of depressive mood/sleepiness (feeling worse).
4Low values correspond to lower level of functioning (feeling worse).
5When Mauchly's test of sphericity was significant, a Greenhouse-Geisser correction of degrees of freedom was used. P values refer to differences between baseline and the one-month followup.
6Scores <8 are considered to be within the normal range [26].
7The score 12 represents approximately the population mean [25].