Table 1.

Optimization of the Heck reaction

entry	x	y	time	% conversiona	% yielda	selectivitya,b
1c	5	1.5	16 h	>99	68.4	3.8
2	5	1.5	16 h	>99	43.3	6.8
3	5	1.5	15 min	>99	62.6	7.1
4	3	1.5	15 min	>99	86.2	7.5
5	3	1.1	15 min	>99	>99	10.7
6	0	1.1	15 min	3.6	0	-
7d	3	1.1	15 min	>99	20	0.2:1
8e	3	1.1	15 min	98.1	15	0.3:1

^aConversion and yield calculated by comparing starting material and product peak integration to integration of internal standard using corrected GC analysis. Yields refers to the sum of all product isomers.

^bSelectivity refers to the ratio of (E)-styrene to all other isomers.

^c12.5 mol % lⁱPr carbine added.

^dMeOH used as solvent.

^eMeCN used as solvent.