Table 2.

miRNAs linked to chemoresistance or chemosensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in human cancer.

Cancer Type	miRNA	Drug	Targeted gene	Reference
miRNAs whose expression increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs
Lung	miR-1	Doxorubicine	MET, Pim-1	(Nasser et al. 2008)
	miR-16	NSC236613, NSC670550		(Blower et al. 2008)
	miR-21	NSC63878, NSC265450		(Blower et al. 2008)
Multidrug-resistant gastric cancer	miR-15b	Vincristine, adriamycin, cisplatin, ateposide	BCL2	(Xia et al. 2008)
	miR-16
Prostate Cancer	miR-34a	Camtothecin	SIRT-1	(Fujita et al. 2008)
Gastric cancer (p53mutant, high BCL2)	miR34a miR43b miR34c	Doxorubicine, cisplatin, gemcitabine, docetaxel	Bcl-2, Notch, HMGA2	(Ji et al. 2008)
Gastric cancer/Cisplatinres*	miR-200c	Cisplatin, ψ5-FU, paclitaxel, and adriamycin	E-cadherin	(Chen et al. 2010)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	miR-101	Etoposide, curcumin, doxorubicine	Mcl-1	(Su et al. 2009)
	miR-199a-3p	Doxorubicine	mTOR, c-Met	(Fornari et al. 2010)
	miR-122		Cyclin G1	(Fornari et al. 2009)
Breast cancer/doxorubibineres	miR-451	Doxorubicine	Mdr1	(Kovalchuk et al. 2008)
Breast cancer	miR-200b		Ferritin	(Shpyleva et al, 2010)
Breast cancer/VP-16res	miR-326	Doxorubicine, VP-16	MRP-1	(Liang et al. 2010)
Glioblastoma	miR-451	Imitanib	SMAD3, SMAD4	(Gal et al. 2008)
Leukemia/doxorubicineres	miR-331-5p miR27a	Doxorubcin	P-glycoprotein	(Feng et al. 2010)
Leukemia/VCR**	miR-138	Vincristine, adriamycin, cisplatin, 5-FU	P-glycoprotein, MDR1, BCL2	(Zhao et al. 2010)
Small cell lung carcinoma	miR-134 miR-379 miR-495	Cisplatin, Etoposide and Doxorubicin	MRP1/ABCC1	(Guo et al. 2010)
miRNAs whose inhibition increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs
Lung	Let-7i	NSC670550		(Blower et al. 2008)
	miR-21	NSC621888, NSC622700, NSC670550, NSC122750		(Blower et al. 2008)
Ovarian Cancer	miR-214	Cisplatin	PTEN	(Yang et al. 2006)
Breast Cancer	miR-221	Tamoxifen	ER-γ	(Zhao et al. 2008)
	miR-222
	miR-21	Topotecan	PTEN	(Meng et al. 2006)
Neuroblastoma	miR-17-5p	Doxycline	p21, BIM	(Fontana et al. 2008)
Malignant Cholangiocytes	miR-21	Gemcitabine	PTEN	(Meng et al. 2006)
	miR-200b
Malignant Cholangiocytes/IL6	Let-7a	Gemcitabine, 5-FU, Campothecin
Glioblatoma	miR-21	NSC670550, NSC122750		(Blower et al. 2008)
Burkitt’s Lymphoma	miR-34a	Bortezomib	c-Myc	(Sotillo et al, 2011)
Leukemia	miR-21	Arabinosylcytosine	PDCD4	(Li et al. 2010)
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	miR-21	5-FU		(Hwang et al. 2010)
Multiple Myeloma	miR-15a/16-1	adriamycin and melphalan	FGFR1, PI3KCa, MDM4, VEGFa	(Gatt et al, 2010)
miRNAs whose inhibition decreased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs
Ovarian Cancer	miR-21	NSC265450		(Blower et al. 2008)
	Let-7i	Cisplatin	H-RAS, HMGA2	(Yang et al. 2008)
Glioblastoma	miR-21	NSC123127		(Blower et al. 2008)
miRNAs whose expression decreased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs
HNSCC†	miR-98	Cislatin, doxorubicine	HMGA2	(Hebert et al. 2007)
SCC, HCC §	Let-7a	Doxorubicine, paclitaxel, IF-γ	RAS, HMGA2	(Tsang & Kwok, 2008)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	miR-188b	Doxorubicine	metalloprotease 3	(Wang et al. 2009)
Breast cancer	miR-221 miR-222	Tamoxifen	P27	(Miller et al. 2008)

^*res: Resistant;

^**VCR: Vincristine-induced multidrug resistance;

^†HNSCC: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma;

^§SCC, HCC: Squamous cell carcinoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

^ψ5-FU: 5-Fluorouracil.