Table 1.
Publications on clinical results of the Brindley procedure.
| Author | Patients in followup |
Rhizotomy (intradural/ extradural) |
Implantation (intradural/ extradural) |
Followup (years) |
Autonomic dysreflexia (before/after) |
Use for voiding (% of patients) |
Continence (% of patients) |
Bladder capacity (% of increase) |
Residual urine (% of patients) |
UTI incidence (% of patients or incidence/year) |
Use for defecation (% of patients) |
Use for erections (% of males) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brindley et al. [4] | 38 ♂ 12 ♀ |
17/0 (S2 and/or S3) |
50/0 | 1–9 | 0/1 (during stimulation) | 86% | 62% | — | 80% <60 mL |
— | — | 68% |
| Madersbacher et al. [12] | 1 ♂ 6 ♀ |
7/0 | 7/0 | — | —(1 during stimulation) | 100% | 100% | 122% | 100% <40 mL |
After 0% | 29% | 100% |
| Robinson et al. [14] |
20 ♂ 2 ♀ |
— | — | — | — | 73% | 68% | — | — | — | — | 30% (0% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) |
| MacDonagh et al. [11] |
9 ♂ 3 ♀ |
9/0 | 12/0 | 2.2 | — | 100% | — | — | — | — | 50% complete emptying with stimulation | — |
| Sauerwein et al. [16] |
5 ♂ 6 ♀ |
0/12 | 0/12 | — | — | 82% | 64% | — | 100% <50 mL |
— | — | — |
| Van Kerrebroeck et al. [19] |
90 ♂ 94 ♀ ∗∗ |
— | 166/18 | — | 26/10 | 92% | 86% | — | 82%<30 mL | Before 88% After 17% |
70% | 74% (32% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) |
| Madersbacher et al. [13] | 8 ♂ 22 ♀ |
— | 27/4 | — | — | 97% | 93% | — | 90% <50 mL |
— | — | — |
| Sarrias et al. [15] | 1 ♂ 6 ♀ |
7/0 | 0/7 | — | — | 100% | 100% | — | 100% <50 mL |
— | 100% | — |
| Brindley [6] | 271 ♂ 229 ♀ ∗∗ |
— | ≤477/≥23 | 4 | —(3 during stimulation) | 86% | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Van Kerrebroeck et al. [3] |
29 ♂ 18 ♀ |
47/0 | 47/0 | 3.5 | 7/5 (2 during stimulation) |
96% | 91% | — | 87%<50 mL | Before 4.2/year After 1.4/year |
87% | 62% (21% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) |
| Schurch et al. [17] | 3 ♂ 7 ♀ |
10/0 | 10/0 | 3.4 | 6/6 (during stimulation) | 100% | 80% | 213% | 100% <50 mL |
Before 80% After 60% |
— | — |
| Egon et al. [8] | 68 ♂ 28 ♀ |
−/− | 90/9 | 5.4 ♂ 5.8 ♀ |
22/0 | 90% | 89% | 134% ♂ 375% ♀ (range 300–600) |
86% <50 mL |
Before 100% After 31% |
55% (41% of these complete evacuation with stimulation alone) |
75% (26% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) |
| V/d Aa et al. [18] | 33 ♂ 4 ♀ |
37/0 | 37/0 | 0.3–12 | — | 100% | 84% | — | 73% <30 mL |
— | 73% | 88% |
| Bauchet et al. [5] | 6 ♂ 14 ♀ |
20/0 | 20/1 | 4.5 | 3/0 | 90% | 90% | 142% | 95% <50 mL |
— | 40% | — |
| Creasey et al. [7] | 16 ♂ 7 ♀ |
23/0 | 0/23 | >1 | 8/2 | 78% | 87% | — | 70% <50 mL |
Before 3/year After 2/year |
100% | — |
| Vastenholt et al. [20] |
32 ♂ 5 ♀ |
37/0 | 37/0 | 7.2 | — | 87% | 57% | — | — | — | 60% | 65% (0% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) |
| Hamel et al. [9] |
4 ♂ | 4/0 | 0/4 | — | — | 100% | 75% | — | 100% <50 mL |
— | 50% | 75% (0% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) |
| Kutzenberger et al. [10] |
440 ♂+♀ |
Almost all intradural | Almost all intradural | 6.6 | 187/2 | 95% | 83% | 172% | — | Before 6.3/year After 1.2/year |
91% | — |
This overview includes several multicentre studies (∗∗) which include overlapping results with the reports of various single centre studies. Therefore, no accumulation of results is possible.
(−), unreported data or incomplete data for calculation; UTI, urinary tract infection.