Table 6.

Resting substrate and hormone concentrations

	Early Follicular Phase	Midfollicular Phase	Midluteal Phase
Estradiol, pg/ml	24 ± 3	72 ± 9†	107 ± 9*
Progesterone, ng/dl	0.41 ± 0.04	0.38 ± 0.04	11.5 ± 1.6‡
E/P ratio	59	190	9.3
Glucose, mg/dl	83 ± 1	81 ± 1	81 ± 2
Insulin, μU/ml	4.7 ± 0.5	4.2 ± 0.3	5.1 ± 0.5
FFA, μeq/1	641 ± 29	608 ± 28	657 ± 53
Glycerol, μmol/l	63 ± 5	58 ± 4	62 ± 5
Lactate, mmol/l	1.3 ± 0.10	1.2 ± 0.08	1.3 ± 0.10
Epinephrine, pg/ml	35 ± 11	23 ± 1.0	30 ± 3
Norpinephrine, pg/ml	141 ± 26	158 ± 28	163 ± 26
Glucagon, pg/ml	38 ± 5	41 ± 4	48 ± 5
Cortisol, μg/dl	5.6 ± 0.6	6.8 ± 1.0	5.4 ± 0.8

Values are means ± SE of all subjects. E/P ratio, ratio of estradiol concentration to progesterone concentration. FFA, free fatty acid.

^*P < 0.0001 vs. early follicular (EF) phase

^†P < 0.0008 vs. EF phase.

^‡P < 0.0001 vs. midfollicular phase.