Figure 6.

Classical phenolic antioxidants, BHT and Trolox, and the chemopreventive agent sulforaphane are neuroprotective; however, this activity is insensitive to antagonism by G15. OGD induced cell death in 10−12 day primary neuronal cultures measured by MTT or LDH assays after pretreatment with antagonist (−45 min) and treatment with test compounds (concentrations as indicated) immediately before OGD. (A,B) BHT was neuroprotective at 1 μM but neurotoxic at 10 μM. (C,D) Trolox showed concentration-dependent neuroprotection. (E,F) Sulforaphane was neuroprotective at concentrations 1 μM or below but neurotoxic at 10 μM. LDH data was normalized to vehicle control as 100% cell death. MTT data was normalized to vehicle control as 0% and E₂ (in the absence of antagonist) as 100% cell survival. Data show mean and SEM (N = 6): ***P < 0.0001, **P < 0.001, *P < 0.01 compared to vehicle control using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test.