Table 5.

Studies which evaluated the relationship between dentition status and all-cause mortality in the elderly.

First author year [ref]	Population	Sample size	Followup (years)	Age (years)	Stratification and adjustmenta	Dental exam % edentulous mean/median no. of teeth	Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)
Appollonio 1997 [1]	Brescia, Italy	1137	6.5	70–75	Sex, nutrition, smoking, functional status, and health service utilization, education, SES	Yes	Females only
							0.67 (0.39–1.15) for adequate dentition
							0.83 (0.54–1.27) for inadequate with dentures versus inadequate without dentures
Shimazaki 2001 [2]	Kitakyushu City, Japan	1762	6	59–107	Age, sex, physical mental-health status, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, and institution, other chronic diseases	Yes 52%	1.8 (1.1–2.8) for 0 teeth without dentures
							1.3 (0.8–2.4) for 0 teeth with dentures
							1.5 (0.9–2.4) for 1–19 without dentures
							1.3 (0.8–2.0) for 1–19 teeth with dentures versus 20+ teeth
Hämäläinen 2003 [3]	Jyväskylä, Finland	226	10	80	Sex, number of chronic diseases, self-rated health	Yes 59% Mean = 11.8 in dentate	2.67 (1.15–6.22) for 1–19 teeth
							2.56 (1.12–5.85) for 0 teeth
							versus 20+ teeth (univariate analysis)
							1.03 (1.00–1.05) per missing tooth (adjusted)
Cabrera 2005 [4]	Göteborg, Sweden	1417	24	38, 46, 50, 54, 60	Age, SES	Yes	1.27 (1.09–1.47) for >10 missing teeth
					Women only	Median = 20
Nakanishi 2005 [5]	Settsu Japan	1405	9	65+	Sex, age, overall disability, use of dental health checks, use of general health checks, daily health promotion practices, participation in social activities, life worth living, finding relationships with people difficult	No	1.63 (1.30–2.03) for self-assessed masticatory disability versus no disability
Abnet 2005 [6]	Linxian, China	29584	15	44–59	Sex, age, and smoking	Yes in those reporting missing teeth median = 26	1.07 (1.01–1.14) in females
							1.09 (0.98–1.21) in male never-smokers
							1.24 (1.16–1.32) in male ever-smokers for loss of > age-specific median of number of teeth
Hämäläinen 2005 [7]	Jyväskylä, Finland	94	5	85	Number of chronic diseases, urgent need of dental treatment, and sex, self-rated health, education, FEV, ESR, CPITN	Yes 39% M, 60% F	0.93 (0.87–0.99) for number of teeth
Yoshida 2005 [8]	Kure City, Japan	1030	8	Mean = 74	Sex, age	Yes	0.78 (0.60–0,99) for adequate occlusion
							1.08 (0.85–1.36) for insufficient occlusion versus no occlusion
							1.52 (1.24–1.83) for denture non-users versus denture uses among those with no occlusion with their own teeth
Morita 2006 [9]	Tokoname, Japan	118	6.5	Mean = 82	Matched on sex, age, health status, living environment; adjusted for smoking, alcohol	21% M, 30% F	2.71 (1.05–7.05) for < 20 versus ≥ 20 teeth in males; not significant in females
Österberg 2007 [10]	Glostrup, Denmark Jyväskylä, Finland Göteborg, Sweden	1044	7	75	Sex, location, smoking, BMI, self-assessed health, physical activity, circulation disease, ADL	No 45%, 58%, 23% in the 3 locations	0.80 (0.72–0.89) among females
							0.92 (0.84–1.01) among males for number of teeth and adjusted only for location
							0.87 (0.78–0.97) for women fully adjusted; not significant in men
Österberg 2008 [11]	Göteborg, Sweden	1803	7	70	Sex, ischemic heart disease, number of drugs, plasma glucose, blood hemoglobin, serum triglycerides, BMI, feeling not healthy and others	Yes 16% to 38% in 4 birth cohorts	Males	Females
							7-year mortality
							0.65 (0.46–0.91)	0.71 (0.42–1.20) for 1–9
							0.51 (0.36–0.74)	0.65 (0.41–1.02) for 10–19
							0.38 (0.24–0.60)	0.36 (0.19–0.66) for 20–32
							versus 0 teeth
			18		Sex, ischemic heart disease, number of drugs, hypertension, plasma glucose, blood hemoglobin, smoking, social activity, and others		18-year mortality
							1.02 (0.82–1.27)	0.81 (0.61–1.07) for 1–9
							0.74 (0.58–0.94)	0.94 (0.74–1.20) for 10–19
							0.64 (0.48–0.84)	0.70 (0.51–0.96) for 20–32
							versus 0 teeth
Paganini-Hill (current study)	Leisure World, California, USA	5611	17	52–105	Sex, age, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, exercise, BMI, 7 chronic diseases	No	See previous tables.
						11%
						median = 24

^aSome included only significant variables in the multivariate models. Those not included are preceded by and.

SES: socioeconomic status, FEV: forced respiratory volume, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CPITN: community periodontal index of treatment needs, BMI: body mass index, ADL: activities of daily living.