Table 1.

Selected oncolytic viruses with different mechanisms of tumor selectivity^a

Family	Genome (kb)	Structure	Examples	Mechanismb	Refs
Adenoviridae	dsDNA	Non-enveloped	Onyx-015	3 (ΔE1B)	[68]
	36–38	Icosahedral	HB101	3 (ΔE1B, ΔE3)	[5]
		70–90 nm	Ad-hTERT	1,3 (hTERT-E1)	[69]
			CG7870	1,3(PSA-E1B, probasin-E1A)	[70]
			Δ-24 RGD (E1A deleted)	3,4 (ΔE1B, avb3)	[71]
Herpesviridae	dsDNA	Enveloped	NV1020	2 (Δγ34.5)	[72]
	120–200	150–200	G207	2 (Δγ34.5, ΔICP6)	[73–75]
			OncoVexGMCSF	2 (Δγ34.5, ΔICP47)	[76,77]
			KeM34.5	1,2 (Musashi1-γ34.5)	[78]
Parvoviridae	ssDNA	Non-enveloped	H1	1 (P4 promoter)	[79]
	5	Icosahedral
		18–26
Poxviridae	dsDNA	Enveloped	Vaccinia JX594-GM-CSF	2 (ΔTK)	[80]
	130–280	200 × 400	Vaccinia vSP	3 (ΔSP1, ΔSP2)	[81]
			Myxoma virus	2 (Akt, ERK)	[82,83]
Coronaviridae	+ssRNA	Enveloped	Murine hepatitis virus	4 (pseudoreceptor)	[84]
	16–21	80–160	Feline infectious peritonitis virus	4 (EGFR adaptor)	[85]
Orthomyxoviridae	−ssRNA	Enveloped	Influenza A delNS1 virus	2 (ΔNS1)	[86]
	13.6	90–120
Paramyxoviridae	−ssRNA	Enveloped	Mumps virus	2 (IFN defects)	[87,88]
	16–20	Helical	MV-CEA	4 (CD46)	[57,60]
		150–300	MV-NIS	4 (CD46)	[59]
			MV-EGFR, MV-CD38	4 (EGFR, CD38)	[21]
			MV-αFR	4 (αFR)	[89]
			Newcastle disease virus PV701	2 (IFN defects)	[90]
Piconarviridae	+ssRNA	Non-enveloped	Poliovirus PV1(RIPO)	2 (HRV2 IRES)	[91]
	7.2–8.4	Icosahedral	Echovirus EV1	4 (α2β1)	[92]
		28–30	Coxsackie CVA21	4 (ICAM-1, DAF)	[93]
			Seneca Valley virus	4 (unknown receptor)	c
Reoviridae	dsRNA	Non-enveloped	Reovirus (Reolysin®)	2,4 (Ras, PKR, protease cleavage)	[94,95]
	22–27	Icosahedral
		60–80
Retroviridae	+ssRNA	Enveloped	MLV (ACE-CD)	Dividing cells	[96]
	8	Icosahedral	MLV (ACE-Pb)	1 (probasin)	[97]
		80–100	MLV (AZE-ZZ-GFP)	4 (HER2)	[98]
Rhabdoviridae	−ssRNA	Enveloped	VSV-MΔ51	2 (matrix mutant)	[14]
	11–12	Helical	VSV-IFN-β	2 (IFN defects)	[99]
		180 × 75
Togaviridae	+ssRNA	Enveloped	Sindbis virus	4 (laminin receptor)	[100]
	12	60–70

^aAbbreviations: DAF, decay accelerating factor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; FR, folate receptor; HRV2 IRES, human rhinovirus type 2; hTERT, human telomerase promoter; ICAM, intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1; ICP, infected cell protein; NS1, nonstructural 1; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; SP1,2, viral serine protease inhibitors; TK, thymidine kinase.

^bKey: 1, transcriptional targeting; 2, translational targeting; 3, pro-apoptotic targeting; 4, transductional targeting.

^cPresentation at the 4th International Conference on Oncolytic Viruses and Cancer Therapeutics, Arizona.