Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of heart transplant recipients.
| Variable | White (n = 30,993) | Black (n = 4,997) | Hispanic (n = 2,121) | Other (n = 967) | P value | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recipient factors | ||||||
| Age, years | 53 (11) | 46 (12) | 49 (12) | 48 (13) | < 0.001 | 39,068 |
| Male | 24,828 (80.1) | 3,256 (65.2) | 1,607 (75.8) | 740 (76.5) | < 0.001 | 39,078 |
| Body mass index | 25.8 (4.6) | 26.0 (5.3) | 25.6 (6.0) | 23.8 (4.8) | <0.001 | 38,506 |
| Health Status, at transplant | ||||||
| Diabetes | 4,405 (14.2) | 763 (20.1) | 404 (24.8) | 162 (21.9) | <0.001 | 26,289 |
| Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, mmHg | 21 (9) | 23 (9) | 22 (10) | 22 (9) | < 0.001 | 24,759 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.1) | 1.4 (0.9) | <0.001 | 27,903 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.3 (3.1) | 1.3 (2.6) | 1.6 (3.8) | 1.5 (3.4) | <0.01 | 25,747 |
| Medical condition | < 0.001 | 38,787 | ||||
| Not hospitalized | 13,889 (45.1) | 1,949 (39.4) | 901 (42.9) | 418 (43.5) | ||
| Hospitalized, non ICU | 4,125 (13.4) | 846 (17.1) | 352 (16.8) | 136 (14.2) | ||
| Hospitalized, ICU | 12,759 (41.5) | 2,157 (43.6) | 848 (40.4) | 407 (42.4) | ||
| Support therapy requirements | ||||||
| Dialysis, required after listing | 505 (2.5) | 133 (3.5) | 59 (3.7) | 27 (3.6) | < 0.001 | 26,753 |
| Ventricular assist device | 3,894 (38.8) | 804 (35.8) | 267 (28.0) | 128 (30.1) | < 0.001 | 13,651 |
| Intraaortic balloon pump | 1,801 (5.8) | 260 (5.2) | 114 (5.4) | 58 (6.0) | 0.31 | 39,078 |
| Mechanical ventilator | 864 (2.8) | 104 (2.1) | 69 (3.3) | 27 (2.8) | 0.02 | 39,078 |
| On intravenous antibiotics for infection | 2,047 (10.1) | 493 (13.2) | 167 (10.5) | 84 (11.4) | < 0.001 | 26,329 |
| Diagnosis Group | < 0.001 | 39,078 | ||||
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 16,862 (54.4) | 1,208 (24.2) | 846 (39.9) | 379 (39.2) | ||
| Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy | 12,099 (39.0) | 3,547 (71.0) | 1,121 (52.9) | 510 (52.7) | ||
| Valvular disease | 994 (3.2) | 139 (2.8) | 87 (4.1) | 42 (4.3) | ||
| Congenital heart disease | 755 (2.4) | 62 (1.2) | 52 (2.5) | 26 (2.7) | ||
| Other | 283 (0.9) | 41 (0.8) | 15 (0.7) | 10 (1.0) | ||
| Transplantation factors | ||||||
| Donor age, years | 30 (12) | 30 (12) | 30 (12) | 29 (12) | 0.02 | 39,076 |
| Graft ischemic time, hours | 2.9 (1.0) | 2.9 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.1) | 0.06 | 36,506 |
| Donor-recipient race mismatch | 6,979 (22.6) | 4,162 (83.5) | 1,538 (72.8) | 932 (96.7) | <0.001 | 38,991 |
| Blood group (ABO) compatibility, identical | 26,666 (86.1) | 4,163 (83.3) | 1,844 (86.9) | 753 (77.9) | < 0.001 | 39,073 |
| Level of HLA mismatch | < 0.001 | 32,084 | ||||
| 0 – 2 | 1,237 (4.9) | 84 (2.0) | 64 (3.6) | 13 (1.7) | ||
| 3 – 4 | 10,559 (41.6) | 1,390 (33.6) | 683 (38.2) | 272 (34.8) | ||
| 5 – 6 | 13,576 (53.5) | 2,667 (64.4) | 1,042 (58.2) | 497 (63.6) | ||
| Center Volume Tier | <0.001 | 38,774 | ||||
| 1 | 8,002 (26.1) | 1,229 (24.7) | 677 (32.0) | 321 (33.4) | ||
| 2 | 7,711 (25.1) | 1,146 (23.0) | 493 (23.3) | 174 (18.1) | ||
| 3 | 7,646 (24.9) | 1,272 (25.5) | 376 (17.8) | 180 (18.7) | ||
| 4 | 7,357 (24.0) | 1,336 (26.8) | 568 (26.9) | 286 (29.8) | ||
| Socioeconomic factors | ||||||
| College education or higher | 7,768 (51.0) | 1,175 (40.1) | 408 (33.4) | 333 (62.1) | < 0.001 | 19,933 |
| US citizenship | 30,700 (99.2) | 4,935 (98.9) | 1,935 (91.2) | 807 (83.7) | < 0.001 | 39,020 |
| Private insurance | 13,108 (63.1) | 1,826 (47.2) | 719 (43.1) | 421 (55.2) | < 0.001 | 27,091 |
| Median household income by zip code, $ | 46,412 (16,745) | 37,376 (14,057) | 38,602 (15,895) | 49,088 (19,735) | < 0.001 | 33,158 |
Data are mean(SD) or frequency (percentage). P values are from ANOVA or χ2 test, as appropriate. ICU: intensive care unit; HLA: human leukocyte antigen.