Figure 18. Head-strike stresses in the pronghorn (UCMZ M 1989.61).

Stresses in Antilocapra americana, primarily from mediolateral bending (A–C) and consolidated as von Mises stress (D, E). C is a ventral view of the cranium sectioned in the plane shown in A. Relatively high tensile stresses occur at the base of the pronghorn cores (A, B) and roofing the endocranial cavity (C), where CT reveals dense compact bone (Figure 8).