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. 2011 Jun 28;6(6):e21422. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021422

Figure 19. Simulated head-strike stresses in the llama (UCMZ M 1987.5).

Figure 19

Von Mises stress from a simulated head impact in Lama glama, an artiodactyl that does not fight in this manner. A. Dorsal and B. ventral endocranial views depict higher stresses that occur at yield in cancellous bone orthogonal to the impact.