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. 2011 Jun 28;6(6):e21422. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021422

Figure 21. Finite element models with CT-based stiffness values.

Figure 21

Elastic modulus indexed to CT Hounsfield values in (A) Stegoceras validum (UA 2), (B) Ovibos moschatus, and (C) Antilocapra americana. Moduli were assigned manually for Stegoceras, because CT beam hardening inflated some densities and fossilization obscured others. Modulus assignment for bone was automated in Ovibos and Antilocapra, and the pad in Ovibos assigned the modulus of alpha keratin.