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. 2011 Jun 28;6(6):e21105. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021105

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This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

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In a sample of size from a human-gut, species were discovered. Based on our methods, we estimate that of these species represent of that gut environment; hence, the remaining is composed by at least species. To test our predictions of the conditional uncovered probability (black), we simulated the rare biosphere by adding additional species and hypothesized that our point prediction could be offset by up to one order of magnitude: point predictions produced by the Embedding Algorithm (blue), point predictions produced by the algorithm each time a new species was discovered (red), upper-bound (orange), and conservative-upper interval (green). The predictions used the parameters . The different urns were devised as follows. For each (indexing rows) and (indexing columns), a mixture of two urns was considered: an urn with the same distribution as the microbes found in the gut dataset, and weighted by the factor , and an urn consisting of colors (disjoint from the gut urn), with an exponentially decaying rank curve and weighted by the factor . See Fig. 5 for the rank curve associated with each urn.

Inline graphic — In a sample of size from a human-gut, species were discovered. Based on our methods, we estimate that of these species represent of that gut environment; hence, the remaining is composed by at least species. To test our predictions of the conditional uncovered probability (black), we simulated the rare biosphere by adding additional species and hypothesized that our point prediction could be offset by up to one order of magnitude: point predictions produced by the Embedding Algorithm (blue), point predictions produced by the algorithm each time a new species was discovered (red), upper-bound (orange), and conservative-upper interval (green). The predictions used the parameters . The different urns were devised as follows. For each (indexing rows) and (indexing columns), a mixture of two urns was considered: an urn with the same distribution as the microbes found in the gut dataset, and weighted by the factor , and an urn consisting of colors (disjoint from the gut urn), with an exponentially decaying rank curve and weighted by the factor . See Fig. 5 for the rank curve associated with each urn.