Table 4. Studies of cardiac complications in inpatients with CAP: subgroup analysis by baseline characteristics of the population.
| Subgroups | Overall Cardiac Complications | Incident Heart Failure | ACS | Incident Cardiac Arrhythmias | ||||
| n Studies | Incidence (95% CI) | n Studies | Incidence (95% CI) | n Studies | Incidence (95% CI) | n Studies | Incidence (95% CI) | |
| Age | ||||||||
| <50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) |
| 50–65 | — | — | 3 | 13.9 (7.8–23.5) | 2 | 3.2 (2.4–4.2) | 1 | 9.5 (8.1–11.2) |
| >65 | 5 | 17.2 (13.0–22.4) | 4 | 14.3 (6.9–27.4) | 4 | 7.1 (4.5–10.8) | 3 | 5.1 (2.1–11.7) |
| Not reported | 1 | 19.4 (14.1–26.0) | 1 | 14.7 (10.1–20.9) | — | — | 1 | 5.9 (3.1–10.6) |
| Gender: | ||||||||
| <50% Male | 4 | 16.7 (11.6–23.5) | 2 | 19.1 (3.7–59.0) | — | — | — | — |
| >50%+ Male | 2 | 18.0 (15.1–21.4) | 6 | 12.5 (8.1–18.8) | 6 | 5.3 (3.2–8.6) | 6 | 4.7 (2.4–8.9) |
| Preexisting cardiac/cardiovascular disease: | ||||||||
| <25% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 25–50% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 50%+ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Not reported | 6 | 17.7 (13.9–22.2) | 8 | 14.1 (9.3–20.6) | 6 | 5.3 (3.2–8.6) | 6 | 4.7 (2.4–8.9) |
| Coronary artery disease: | ||||||||
| <25% | — | — | 1 | 12.0 (7.1–19.2) | 1 | 0.9 (0.0–5.2) | 1 | 4.3 (1.6–9.9) |
| 25–50% | 2 | 23.0 (20.7–25.5) | 3 | 13.9 (7.8–23.5) | 3 | 5.8 (2.8–11.3) | 1 | 9.5 (8.1–11.2) |
| 50%+ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Not reported | 4 | 14.5 (10.4–19.8) | 4 | 15.0 (7.5–27.9) | 2 | 6.5 (3.5–11.7) | 4 | 3.8 (1.5–9.2) |
| Congestive heart failure: | ||||||||
| <25% | 4 | 18.8 (14.3–24.3) | 2 | 16.3 (9.5–26.5) | 3 | 6.4 (3.0–13.3) | 2 | 5.4 (1.6–16.8) |
| 25–50% | — | — | 1 | 12.0 (7.1–19.2) | 3 | 4.1 (1.9–8.5) | 1 | 4.3 (1.6–9.9) |
| 50%+ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Not reported | 2 | 15.9 (10.6–23.1) | 5 | 13.5 (7.4–23.5) | — | — | 3 | 4.2 (1.1–14.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus: | ||||||||
| <25% | 3 | 21.3 (17.9–25.1) | 5 | 11.6 (6.8–19.0) | 3 | 6.4 (3.0–13.3) | 2 | 5.4 (1.6–16.8) |
| 25–50% | 1 | 5.5 (2.1–12.5) | 1 | 12.0 (7.1–19.2) | 2 | 2.9 (0.5–16.0) | 1 | 4.3 (1.6–9.9) |
| 50%+ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Not reported | 2 | 15.6 (10.6–23.1) | 2 | 23.5 (9.0–48.8) | 1 | 4.0 (1.2–10.2) | 3 | 4.2 (1.1–14.1) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: | ||||||||
| <25% | 4 | 15.2 (10.0–22.4) | 3 | 9.1 (5.8–14.2) | 1 | 7.9 (5.6–11.1) | 1 | 2.8 (1.5–5.0) |
| 25–50% | 1 | 22.0 (18.9–25.5) | 2 | 15.6 (8.4–27.2) | 3 | 5.8 (2.8–11.3) | 1 | 9.5 (8.1–11.2) |
| 50%+ | — | — | 1 | 12.0 (7.1–19.2) | 2 | 2.3 (0.5–9.5) | 1 | 4.3 (1.6–9.9) |
| Not reported | 1 | 19.4 (14.1–26,0) | 2 | 23.5 (9.0–48.8) | — | — | 3 | 4.2 (1.1–14.1) |
| Smoking: | ||||||||
| <25% | 1 | 24.1 (20.8–27.7) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 25–50% | — | — | 2 | 11.1 (8.9–13.9) | 1 | 5.8 (4.0–8.2) | 1 | 11.0 (5.4–20.4) |
| 50%+ | — | — | — | — | 2 | 7.2 (2.7–17.7) | — | — |
| Not reported | 5 | 16.2 (12.2–21.1) | 6 | 15.4 (9.3–24.3) | 3 | 3.9 (1.6–9.2) | 5 | 3.9 (1.8–8.4) |
One study reporting the incidence of ACS and incident cardiac arrhythmias on outpatients and low-risk inpatients without making distinction between them was not included in this table [15].