Table 4. Comparative overview of sound production in gobioid fishes.
| Species | Call structure (mean peak or dominant frequency) | Context | Geographic distribution | Habitat type | References |
| Pomatoschistus canestrinii (Ninni, 1883) | Pulsatile (130 Hz) | A, P | Med | B | [57] |
| P. minutus (Pallas, 1770) | Pulsatile (100 Hz) | P | EA, Med, BS | B, M | [55] |
| P. marmoratus (Risso, 1810) | Pulsatile (120 Hz) | P | Med, BS | B | [79] |
| P. pictus (Malm, 1865) | Pulsatile (80–200 Hz) | A, C, P | Med | M | [39], [54] |
| Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841) | Pulsatile (190 Hz) | P | Med | B | [79] |
| K. punctatissima (Canestrini, 1864) | Pulsatile (130 Hz) | P | Med | F | [80] |
| Padogobius bonelli (Bonaparte, 1846) | Mixeda (180 Hz) | A, P, C | Med | F | [80] |
| P. nigricans (Canestrini, 1867) | Tonal (110 Hz) | C | Med | F | [81] |
| Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758 | Tonal (100 Hz) | A, C | EA, Med, BS | B, M | [57] |
| G. cobitis Pallas, 1814 | Pulsatile (90 Hz) | A, C | EA, Med, BS | B, M | [57] |
| G. niger Linnaeus, 1758 | Pulsatile (100 Hz) | A, C | EA, Med, BS | B, M | [57] |
| Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1814) | Pulsatile (220 Hz) | A, C | Med, BS | B, M | [57] |
| Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1814) | Tonal (70–130 Hz) | C | Med, BS, CS | F | [82] |
| Bathygobius soporator (Valenciénnes, 1837) | Pulsatile (145 Hz) | C | Med, EA, WA | B, M | [83] |
| B. fuscus (Rüppell, 1830) | Pulsatile (120 Hz) | C | IWP | B, M | [84] |
| B. curacao (Metzelaar, 1919) | Pulsatile (100–200 Hz) | C | WA | B | [85] |
| Gobiosoma bosc (Lacepéde, 1800) | Clicks (1–5 kHz) | C | WA | B, M | [86] |
| Odontobutis obscura (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) | Pulsatile (300 Hz) | C | China, Japan, Korea | F | [38] |
| Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) | Pulsatile (180 Hz) | C | BS, CS | F | [87] |
a
the call is composed by tonal and pulsatile elements; A = aggressive; B = brackish; BS = Black Sea; C = courtship; CS = Caspian Sea; EA = Eastern Atlantic; F = freshwater; IWP = Indo-West Pacific region; M = marine; Med = Mediterranean; P = prespawning; WA = Western Atlantic.