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. 2011 Jun 28;6(6):e21707. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021707

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Wen et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(A) Dose-dependent induction of PDGF-BB protein by morphine (10⁻⁵, 10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁷ M) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). (B) Time-dependent induction of PDGF-BB protein by morphine (10⁻⁷ M) in HBMECs. (C) Opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (1 µM) abrogates morphine-mediated induction of PDGF-BB. (D) Representative picture of PDGF-B chain staining in HBMECs treated with morphine for 12 hrs. Scale bar = 5 µm. (E) Induction of PDGF-B mRNA in HBMECs exposed to morphine after 6 hrs. All the data are presented as mean±SD of three individual experiments. *p<0.05, ***p<0.001 vs control group; ###p<0.001 vs morphine group.