Table 1.

List of biomarkers for Alzheimer disease and their sample source

Factor	Sample Source	Biomarkers	Ref
Histopathological factors	Urine, Blood	Amyloid beta peptide	[55,56]
	CSF	Tau protein	[57]
	CSF	Phosphorylated tau	[58]
Genetic factor	Blood,saliva	APOE	[59,60]
	CSF, blood,saliva	APP	[61,62,60]
	Blood	PS-1	[63]
	Blood	PS-2	[63]
Synaptic pathological factor	CSF	ADDL	[39]
Others	CSF	Somatostatin	[64]
	Blood	Metal ions	[65]