Table 2.
| Table 2a. Associations1 between family history, medical history, and anthropometrics and non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes defined by histology and t(14;18), from the NCI-SEER multicenter case–control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | Controls N |
Odds ratios and 95% CI for DLBCL subtypes and FL | Test of homogeneity p-values | ||||||||||
| DLBCL | FL | t(14;18)- positive vs. negative |
t(14;18)-positive DLBCL/FL vs. t(14;18)-negative DLBCL |
DLBCL vs. FL |
|||||||||
| t(14;18)-negative | t(14;18)-postive | ||||||||||||
| N | OR | (95% CI)* | N | OR | (95% CI)* | N | OR | (95% CI)* | |||||
| Family and medical history | |||||||||||||
| Family history of NHL | |||||||||||||
| No | 969 | 115 | 1.0 | (reference) | 101 | 1.0 | (reference) | 284 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| Yes | 32 | 7 | 1.7 | (0.7, 4.0) | <5 | ~ | 16 | 1.5 | (0.8, 2.8) | 0.29 | 0.64 | 0.77 | |
| Autoimmune conditions | |||||||||||||
| No | 996 | 121 | 1.0 | (reference) | 103 | 1.0 | (reference) | 298 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| Yes | 61 | <5 | ~ | 6 | 1.0 | (0.4, 2.4) | 20 | 1.1 | 0.7, 2.0) | 0.55 | 0.34 | 0.28 | |
| Asthma | |||||||||||||
| No | 523 | 61 | 1.0 | (reference) | 53 | 1.0 | (reference) | 151 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| Yes | 66 | 8 | 1.0 | (0.4, 2.1) | <5 | ~ | 21 | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.9) | 0.53 | 0.85 | 0.28 | |
| Allergy | |||||||||||||
| No | 173 | 19 | 1.0 | (reference) | 22 | 1.0 | (reference) | 60 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| Yes | 289 | 36 | 1.2 | (0.6, 2.2) | 29 | 1.0 | (0.5, 1.8) | 84 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.3) | 0.78 | 0.57 | 0.55 |
| Surgeries (total number) | |||||||||||||
| 0–12 | 235 | 26 | 1.0 | (reference) | 15 | 1.0 | (reference) | 45 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 13+ | 354 | 43 | 1.1 | (0.6, 1.9) | 41 | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.7) | 127 | 1.6 | (1.1, 2.5) | 0.59 | 0.13 | 0.16 |
| Transfusion | |||||||||||||
| No | 876 | 111 | 1.0 | (reference) | 94 | 1.0 | (reference) | 265 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| Yes | 170 | 14 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.3) | 15 | 0.8 | (0.4, 1.4) | 50 | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.5) | 0.73 | 0.53 | 0.22 |
| Birth order | |||||||||||||
| First/Middle | 327 | 34 | 1.0 | (reference) | 32 | 1.0 | (reference) | 100 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| Last | 105 | 23 | 2.0 | (1.1, 3.6) | 16 | 1.7 | (0.9, 3.2) | 36 | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.8) | 0.97 | 0.41 | 0.21 |
| Anthropometrics | |||||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||||
| <25 | 305 | 46 | 1.0 | (reference) | 28 | 1.0 | (reference) | 104 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 25-<35 | 578 | 58 | 0.7 | (0.5, 1.1) | 58 | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.7) | 161 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.2) | |||
| 35+ | 94 | 15 | 1.1 | (0.6, 2.1) | 17 | 2.0 | (1.0, 4.0) | 23 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.2) | |||
| p trend | 0.63 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.38 | 0.95 | 0.17 | |||||||
| Height (inches) | |||||||||||||
| 1st tertile | 396 | 44 | 1.0 | (reference) | 29 | 1.0 | (reference) | 106 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 2nd tertile | 291 | 40 | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.9) | 37 | 1.7 | (1.0, 2.9) | 65 | 0.8 | (0.6, 1.2) | |||
| 3rd tertile | 301 | 35 | 1.1 | (0.6, 1.7) | 38 | 1.8 | (1.1, 3.0) | 118 | 1.4 | (1.0, 1.9) | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.90 |
| p trend | 0.79 | 0.03 | 0.03 | ||||||||||
| Height (inches) males only | |||||||||||||
| 1st tertile | 205 | 23 | 1.0 | (reference) | 19 | 1.0 | (reference) | 55 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 2nd tertile | 143 | 23 | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.6) | 25 | 1.7 | (0.9, 3.3) | 33 | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.4) | |||
| 3rd tertile | 156 | 18 | 1.1 | (0.6, 2.3) | 20 | 1.3 | (0.7, 2.6) | 53 | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.9) | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.79 |
| p trend | 0.64 | 0.39 | 0.36 | ||||||||||
| Height (inches) females only | |||||||||||||
| 1st tertile | 191 | 21 | 1.0 | (reference) | 10 | 1.0 | (reference) | 51 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 2nd tertile | 148 | 17 | 1.0 | (0.5, 2.0) | 12 | 1.7 | (0.7, 4.0) | 32 | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.3) | |||
| 3rd tertile | 145 | 17 | 0.9 | (0.5, 1.9) | 18 | 2.6 | (1.1, 6.0) | 65 | 1.6 | (1.0, 2.5) | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.67 |
| p trend | 0.81 | 0.02 | 0.04 | ||||||||||
| Table 2b. Associations1 between lifestyle and diet and non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes defined by histology and t(14;18), from the NCI-SEER multicenter case–control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratios and 95% CI for DLBCL subtypes and FL | Test of homogeneity p-values | ||||||||||||
| DLBCL | FL | t(14;18)- positive vs. negative |
t(14;18)-positive DLBCL/FL vs. t(14;18)-negative DLBCL |
DLBCL vs. FL |
|||||||||
| Controls N |
t(14;18)-negative | t(14;18)-positive | |||||||||||
| Exposure | N | OR | (95% CI)* | N | OR | (95% CI)* | N | OR | (95% CI)* | ||||
| Smoking, alcohol & diet | |||||||||||||
| Smoking | |||||||||||||
| Never | 184 | 24 | 1.0 | (reference) | 27 | 1.0 | (reference) | 56 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| Former | 161 | 15 | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.4) | 12 | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.0) | 37 | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.4) | |||
| Current | 61 | 9 | 1.1 | (0.5, 2.5) | 9 | 0.9 | (0.4, 2.2) | 24 | 1.2 | (0.6, 2.1) | 0.52 | 0.93 | 0.58 |
| Smoking duration (years) | |||||||||||||
| Never | 186 | 25 | 1.0 | (reference) | 28 | 1.0 | (reference) | 57 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| <10 to 30 years | 128 | 11 | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.3) | 10 | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.1) | 37 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.5) | |||
| 30 or more years | 96 | 13 | 1.1 | (0.5, 2.4) | 11 | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.6) | 24 | 1.0 | (0.5, 1.7) | 0.26 | 0.71 | 0.59 |
| p trend | 0.91 | 0.24 | 0.87 | ||||||||||
| Cigarettes per day | |||||||||||||
| Never | 186 | 25 | 1.0 | (reference) | 28 | 1.0 | (reference) | 57 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 1 to 30 | 145 | 13 | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.4) | 9 | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.9) | 39 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.5) | |||
| 30+ | 77 | 12 | 1.1 | (0.5, 2.4) | 13 | 1.0 | (0.5, 2.1) | 21 | 0.9 | (0.5, 1.7) | |||
| p trend | 0.92 | 0.59 | 0.79 | 0.72 | 0.85 | 0.97 | |||||||
| Smoking pack-years | |||||||||||||
| Never | 186 | 25 | 1.0 | (reference) | 28 | 1.0 | (reference) | 57 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| <7 to 35 | 142 | 12 | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.3) | 8 | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.9) | 40 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.5) | |||
| 35+ | 79 | 12 | 1.1 | (0.5, 2.5) | 12 | 0.9 | (0.4, 2.1) | 20 | 0.9 | (0.5, 1.7) | |||
| p trend | 0.98 | 0.48 | 0.81 | 0.55 | 0.77 | 0.87 | |||||||
| Ethanol | |||||||||||||
| Non-drinkers | 156 | 23 | 1.0 | (reference) | 25 | 1.0 | (reference) | 65 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| Ever drinkers | 233 | 25 | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.2) | 23 | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.2) | 52 | 0.5 | (0.3, 0.7) | 0.63 | 0.50 | 0.19 |
| Dietary vitamin B6 (mg/1000kcal) | |||||||||||||
| <0.97 | 197 | 30 | 1.0 | (reference) | 29 | 1.0 | (reference) | 68 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 0.97+ | 192 | 18 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.3) | 19 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.3) | 49 | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.3) | 0.87 | 0.61 | 0.31 |
| Dietary MeIQx (ng/day) | |||||||||||||
| <33.41 | 235 | 26 | 1.0 | (reference) | 21 | 1.0 | (reference) | 77 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 33.41+ | 154 | 22 | 1.0 | (0.5, 1.9) | 27 | 1.5 | (0.8, 2.9) | 40 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.1) | 0.35 | 0.57 | 0.03 |
| Dietary PhIP (ng/day) | |||||||||||||
| <105.64 | 234 | 29 | 1.0 | (reference) | 34 | 1.0 | (reference) | 74 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 105.64+ | 155 | 19 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.4) | 14 | 0.5 | (0.3, 1.0) | 43 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.1) | 0.55 | 0.68 | 0.78 |
| Table 2c. Associations1 between environmental exposures and non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes defined by histology and t(14;18), from the NCI-SEER multicenter case–control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratios and 95% CI for DLBCL subtypes and FL | Test of homogeneity p-values | ||||||||||||
| DLBCL | FL | t(14;18)- positive vs. negative |
t(14;18)-positive DLBCL/FL vs. t(14;18)-negative DLBCL |
DLBCL vs. FL |
|||||||||
| Controls N |
t(14;18)-negative | t(14;18)-positive | |||||||||||
| Exposure | N | OR | (95% CI)* | N | OR | (95% CI)* | N | OR | (95% CI)* | ||||
| Sunlight | |||||||||||||
| Sun in teens (hrs/wk) | |||||||||||||
| <7 | 46 | 7 | 1.0 | (reference) | 10 | 1.0 | (reference) | 18 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 7–<14 | 68 | 6 | 0.6 | (0.2, 2.1) | 7 | 0.4 | (0.1, 1.2) | 24 | 1.0 | (0.5, 2.1) | |||
| 14–<28 | 155 | 16 | 0.6 | (0.2, 1.6) | 21 | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.3) | 44 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.4) | |||
| 28+ | 187 | 26 | 0.8 | (0.3, 2.0) | 13 | 0.2 | (0.1, 0.6) | 56 | 0.8 | (0.4, 1.5) | |||
| p trend | 0.86 | 0.00 | 0.34 | 0.06 | 0.29 | 0.40 | |||||||
| Sun in past ten years (hrs/wk) | |||||||||||||
| <7 | 159 | 23 | 1.0 | (reference) | 18 | 1.0 | (reference) | 58 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 7–<14 | 126 | 10 | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.1) | 14 | 0.9 | (0.4, 2.0) | 43 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.4) | |||
| 14–<28 | 123 | 11 | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.2) | 12 | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.6) | 29 | 0.6 | (0.4, 1.0) | |||
| 28+ | 51 | 11 | 1.1 | (0.4, 2.5) | 7 | 0.7 | (0.3, 2.0) | 14 | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.3) | |||
| p trend | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.05 | 0.93 | 0.60 | 0.47 | |||||||
| Eye color | |||||||||||||
| Green/blue-green/blue | 244 | 21 | 1.0 | (reference) | 23 | 1.0 | (reference) | 72 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| Hazel | 84 | 7 | 1.0 | (0.4, 2.5) | 10 | 1.3 | (0.6, 2.9) | 29 | 1.2 | (0.7, 2.0) | |||
| Brown | 134 | 27 | 2.6 | (1.4, 5.0) | 18 | 1.7 | (0.8, 3.3) | 43 | 1.2 | (0.7, 1.9) | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
| Environmental exposures | |||||||||||||
| Termite treatment <1988 | |||||||||||||
| None, DK, not treated <1988 | 893 | 94 | 1.0 | (reference) | 95 | 1.0 | (reference) | 277 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 1+ homes treated <1988 | 162 | 30 | 2.1 | (1.3, 3.4) | 14 | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.5) | 41 | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.5) | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| Alpha-chlordane (dust, ng/g) | |||||||||||||
| ND | 317 | 35 | 1.0 | (reference) | 40 | 1.0 | (reference) | 99 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 20.8–60.1 | 98 | 11 | 1.1 | (0.5, 2.3) | 7 | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.5) | 26 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.5) | |||
| 60.3–5870 | 98 | 19 | 2.0 | (1.0, 3.9) | 10 | 1.1 | (0.5, 2.3) | 34 | 1.3 | (0.8, 2.1) | |||
| p trend | 0.06 | 0.88 | 0.45 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.75 | |||||||
| PCB180 (dust, ng/g) | |||||||||||||
| <20.8 | 395 | 55 | 1.0 | (reference) | 40 | 1.0 | (reference) | 115 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| 20.8+ | 118 | 10 | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.5) | 17 | 1.3 | (0.7, 2.5) | 44 | 1.5 | (1.0, 2.2) | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.15 |
| Pre-1980 Hair dye use | |||||||||||||
| Never | 98 | 11 | 1.0 | (reference) | 10 | 1.0 | (reference) | 24 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| Permanent | 123 | 10 | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.5) | 6 | 0.6 | (0.2, 1.9) | 49 | 1.8 | (1.0, 3.4) | 0.75 | 0.09 | 0.03 |
| Had farm or pest-exposed job | |||||||||||||
| Never | 805 | 91 | 1.0 | (reference) | 71 | 1.0 | (reference) | 233 | 1.0 | (reference) | |||
| Had 1 or more farm jobs | 249 | 33 | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.5) | 37 | 1.4 | (0.9, 2.2) | 85 | 1.1 | (0.8, 1.5) | 0.51 | 0.43 | 0.82 |
Abbreviations: DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; FL, follicular lymphoma
1
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) estimated using polytomous logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race, study center, and education.
~ Risk estimates are not shown when there were fewer than 5 cases.
Abbreviations: DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; FL, follicular lymphoma; MeIQx, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline; PhIP, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine
1
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) estimated using polytomous logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race, study center, and education.
Abbreviations: DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; FL, follicular lymphoma; ND, not detected.
1
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) estimated using polytomous logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race, study center, and education.
~ Risk estimates are not shown when there were fewer than 5 cases.