Fig. 8.

Inhibition of VTRS1-induced macrophage cell death. VTRS1-induced J774.A1 macrophage cell death was dramatically inhibited by a caspase-2 (Casp2) inhibitor (inh). The cell death was also inhibited by an inhibitor of pancaspase, caspase-3/7, caspase-4, or caspase-8. Macrophages were pretreated with each caspase inhibitor and then infected with VTRS1 at an MOI of 200. The results are representative of three independent experiments. The cells were stained with PI and observed by phase-contrast (left panels) or fluorescence (right panels) microscopy. Magnification, ×200.