Table 1.
Risk profiles of male and female athletes and nonathletes who did or did not report past-year marijuana (MJ) use
| Variable | Males |
Females |
||||||
| Athletes |
Nonathletes |
Athletes |
Nonathletes |
|||||
| Nonuser (n = 146) | User (n = 87) | Nonuser (n = 92) | User (n = 92) | Nonuser (n = 117) | User (n = 39) | Nonuser (n = 164) | User (n = 149) | |
| Frequency of past-year MJ use, % | ||||||||
| Infrequent | - | 66 | - | 30 | - | 85 | - | 48 |
| Monthly | - | 14 | - | 25 | - | 13 | - | 33 |
| Weekly | - | 17 | - | 19 | - | 0 | - | 11 |
| Daily | - | 3 | - | 26 | - | 3 | - | 7 |
| Past-year | ||||||||
| cigarette smoking, % | 3 | 23 | 12 | 46 | 3 | 26 | 14 | 37 |
| Stress, M (SD) | ||||||||
| Body image | 1.6 (2.1) | 1.6 (2.0) | 1.7 (1.8) | 1.2 (1.7) | 1.8 (1.9) | 3.2 (2.6) | 2.5 (2.2) | 3.3 (2.5) |
| Academic | 3.5 (2.2) | 4.1 (2.8) | 3.5 (2.2) | 3.4 (2.2) | 4.8 (2.2) | 4.0 (1.8) | 4.4 (2.3) | 4.1 (2.1) |
| Sensation seeking, M (SD) | 25.2 (4.8) | 27.2 (5.3) | 27.3 (6.0) | 29.9 (5.4) | 24.0 (4.8) | 26.9(5.1) | 25.8 (4.8) | 27.6 (5.2) |
| Current mood, M (SD) | ||||||||
| Anxiety | 2.7 (3.7) | 2.9 (3.6) | 2.1 (2.9) | 2.5 (3.7) | 1.5 (2.3) | 1.9(2.5) | 2.3 (3.0) | 2.5 (3.5) |
| Anger | 2.0(3.1) | 2.2(3.1) | 2.9 (3.4) | 2.6 (3.4) | 2.0 (2.8) | 2.8 (2.9) | 2.7 (3.4) | 3.1 (3.7) |
| Vigor | 6.2 (4.4) | 6.6 (4.2) | 5.8 (4.4) | 6.7 (4.3) | 5.7 (4.4) | 4.7(4.1) | 4.4(3.9) | 5.0 (4.2) |
| Fatigue | 5.7 (4.7) | 6.7 (4.8) | 5.1 (4.2) | 5.4 (4.5) | 6.3 (4.7) | 8.4 (5.2) | 6.4 (4.5) | 7.1 (5.0) |
| Depression | 1.7 (2.9) | 2.0 (3.2) | 2.3(3.1) | 2.2 (3.6) | 1.8(3.1) | 1.2(1.9) | 2.5 (3.2) | 2.8 (4.0) |
| Total mood disturbance, M(SD) | 8.5 (13.8) | 10.0(13.6) | 9.5 (12.9) | 9.2(15.1) | 7.8(12.1) | 11.5(12.6) | 12.0(13.1) | 13.3 (16.4) |
| Perceptions, M (SD)a | ||||||||
| … of student MJ use | 60.2 (23.5) | 65.5 (23.2) | 58.9 (26.0) | 70.3(21.7) | 62.5(21.5) | 68.5 (22.7) | 59.8 (22.4) | 70.6 (20.9) |
| … of athlete MJ use | 35.3 (24.5) | 45.2 (27.4) | 43.2(28.1) | 49.8 (27.0) | 45.0 (24.9) | 48.6(24.1) | 44.8 (26.7) | 47.8 (28.3) |
| Motivations, M (SD)b | ||||||||
| Coping | 0.7 (2.2) | 2.1 (3.3) | 1.4(4.3) | 5.5 (5.0) | 0.5 (1.4) | 1.6(2.5) | 1.3 (2.3) | 3.7 (3.8) |
| Conformity | 0.7(1.5) | 1.5 (2.3) | 1.2(3.6) | 5.2 (4.9) | 0.5(1.1) | 0.8(1.7) | 1.7(2.7) | 3.3 (3.4) |
| Enhancement | 4.2 (5.3) | 10.3(6.1) | 3.0 (4.6) | 7.6 (4.6) | 3.8 (4.6) | 8.4 (6.5) | 2.7 (3.8) | 5.2 (3.5) |
| Expansion | 0.7(1.7) | 3.3 (4.4) | 1.1 (4.2) | 4.6 (4.4) | 0.9 (2.2) | 1.6(2.8) | 1.4(2.7) | 2.9(3.1) |
Notes:
a
Perceived prevalence of MJ use (%);
b
individuals who reported never using marijuana did not complete these items; thus, the “nonuser” groups reflect male athletes (n = 35), male nonathletes (n = 23), female athletes (n = 41), and female nonathletes (n = 42) who reported having used marijuana in their lifetime but not in the past year; motivation scales were specific for marijuana use.