Fig. 2.

Innate immune response to rotavirus is MAVS/IPS-1 dependent. (A) WT or MAVS/IPS-1^−/− MEFs were infected with UK at MOIs of 0.5, 3.0, or 10.0, and IFN-β secretion was measured by ELISA at 16 hpi. (B) WT or MAVS/IPS-1^−/− MEFs were transfected with poly(I:C) or infected with RRV, UK, or psoralen/UV-inactivated viruses (i-RRV and i-UK). Cell lysates were examined at 24 hpi for levels of tubulin, VP6 antigen, or p56 expression by immunoblotting. (C) WT or MAVS/IPS-1^−/− cells were infected with UK at an MOI of 3.0, and ISG56 transcript levels were determined by qRT-PCR. The data are presented as fold increase over levels of mock-infected 1-hpi cells after normalization to GAPDH for triplicate measurements. (D) WT or MAVS/IPS-1^−/− cells were infected with RRV, and data were collected as described in panel C. Data are representative of two or more independent experiments. pIC, poly(I:C).