Proteolytic processing of SARS S by TMPRSS2. (Top) VLPs were produced by coexpression of HIV p55 Gag and SARS S in the absence and presence of coexpressed human TMPRSS2, TMPRSS4, or murine matriptase-3, treated with trypsin or PBS, and analyzed for S protein and HIV p55 Gag content as indicated, using a serum specific for the S2 subunit of SARS S. (B) The experiment was carried out as described for panel A. However, an S1-specific antiserum was used for SARS S protein detection.