Fig. 8.

Cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of C57BL/6 (B6) and B6.IFNAR^0/0.IL28Rα^0/0 (dko) mice infected with rPVM or the ΔNS mutants. Mice were intranasally infected with 500 PFU of rPVM or 50,000 PFU of rPVM ΔNS2 or rPVM ΔNS1ΔNS2 in a volume of 80 μl. On day 8 after infection, the mice were sacrificed, and a BAL with PBS was performed. Following clarification by low-speed centrifugation, cytokine levels in the BAL fluids were determined by cytometric bead array. The cytokine levels (pg/ml) from five to six mice per group are shown. Statistical significance was calculated by analysis of variance, followed by Tukey-Kramer posthoc test analysis. Groups marked with asterisks differ significantly (**, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001).