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Gamma irradiation damages human norovirus VLPs. Human norovirus VLPs were expressed and purified from insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. The VLPs were irradiated at three doses, 2.8, 5.6, and 22.4 kGy. Treated and untreated VLPs were negatively stained with 1% ammonium molybdate and visualized by transmission electron microscopy. (A) Untreated human norovirus VLPs; (B) VLPs treated with 2.8 kGy; (C) VLPs treated with 5.6 kGy; (D) VLPs treated with 22.4 kGy.
