Table 1.

Prior studies examining associations between FFM personality factors and medication non-adherence

Study	Follow-up	Sample description	N	Mean age	Personality factors examined and findings
Axelsson et al. (2009)	Cross-sectional	Population-based sample of asthmatics	268	22	Ca	N	A	E	O
Christensen, Moran, and Wiebe (1999)	Cross-sectional	Type I diabetics followed in endocrinology clinics	107	42	Ca	Na
Dobbels et al. (2005)	Cross-sectional	Heart, lung and liver transplant candidated	174	52	Ca	N	A	E	O
Penedo et al. (2003)	Cross-sectional	Community dwelling HIV + patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy	116	39	C	N	A	E	O
Christensen and Smith (1995)	8 weeks	Renal dialysis patients at an academic centre	72	46	Ca	Na	A	E	O
Cohen, Ross, Bagby, Farvolden, and Kenndy (2004)	14 weeks	Depressed patients at an addiction centre	65	41	C	N	A	Ea	O
Ediger et al. (2007)	1 year	Population-based sample of people with inflammatory bowel disease	326	NR	C	N	Aa	E	O
Insel et al. (2006)	8 weeks	Community dwelling adults taking one or more daily medications	60	77	C	Na	A	E	O
O’Cleirigh, Ironson, Weiss, and Costa (2007)	1 year	Community dwelling HIV + adults	119	38	Ca
Stilley, Sereika, Muldoon, Ryan, and Dunbar-Jacob (2004)	24 weeks	Generally healthy adults in a randomized trial of a lipid lowering drug	158	46	Ca	N	A	E	O

Note. C, Conscientiousness; N, Neuroticism; A, agreeableness; E, Extraversion; O, Openness; HIV +, human immunodeficiency virus positive; NR, not reported.

^aStatistically significant association with non-adherence.