Table 1.
Characteristics of study hospitals by quartiles of left without being seen, including left without being seen=0 (n=288).
| Quartiles of % LBWS
|
All, 0.06–20.4 | Hospitals Reporting 0 LWBS Patients* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1, ≤1.4 | Q2, >1.4–≤2.6 | Q3, >2.6–≤4.4 | Q4, >4.4 | |||
| No. of hospitals | 66 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 262 | 26 |
| Mean (SD) | ||||||
| Annual ED visits, thousands | 32.6 (21.0) | 30.2 (15.3) | 36.8 (16.9) | 40.5 (22.0) | 35.0 (19.3) | 28.6 (13.8) |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 39.9 (7.9) | 39.9 (7.2) | 37.9 (7.9) | 37.6 (5.1) | 38.8 (7.2) | 39.2 (8.8) |
| Male, No. (%) | 46.0 (2.7) | 46.2 (3.4) | 46.2 (2.8) | 46.8 (4.5) | 46.3 (3.4) | 46.6 (2.8) |
| Minority, %†‡§ | 44.8 (23.9) | 44.9 (24.7) | 49.5 (23.2) | 60.3 (21.5) | 49.9 (24.1) | 47.9 (24.9) |
| Income, $1,000ठ| 52.9 (13.8) | 47.8 (11.6) | 45.8 (10.3) | 42.0 (9.4) | 47.1 (12.0) | 52.4 (14.2) |
| Insurance: Med-Cal+uninsured, %†‡§ | 34.8 (18.5) | 38.0 (20.2) | 40.9 (17.1) | 53.6 (17.5) | 41.8 (19.6) | 36.2 (19.1) |
| Operating margin, No. (%)‡|| | 1.5 (10.2) | 1.0 (13.2) | 0.5 (12.1) | −5.2 (20.8) | −0.7 (15.0) | −1.8 (35.6) |
| Hospitals, No. (%) | ||||||
| Teaching status§¶ | ||||||
| Yes | 0 | 3 (5) | 3 (5) | 15 (23) | 21 (8) | 1 (4) |
| No | 66 (100) | 62 (95) | 62 (95) | 51 (77) | 241 (92) | 25 (96) |
| Ownership§¶ | ||||||
| County | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | 1 (2) | 12 (18) | 17 (6) | 0 |
| For profit | 14 (21) | 18 (28) | 15 (23) | 9 (14) | 56 (21) | 7 (27) |
| Nonprofit | 51 (77) | 44 (68) | 49 (75) | 45 (68) | 189 (72) | 19 (73) |
| Trauma center||¶ | ||||||
| Yes | 3 (5) | 7 (11) | 9 (14) | 20 (30) | 39 (16) | 3 (12) |
| No | 63 (95) | 58 (89) | 56 (86) | 46 (70) | 223 (85) | 23 (88) |
LWBS, Left without being seen; Q, quartile.
*
Nothing significant between “All” and “Hospitals reporting 0 LWBS patients” except income. For annual ED visits, the nonparametric Wilcoxon test indicated no significance and was also nonsignificant when a log transformation was used.
†
For these categorical variables, the numbers reported are mean proportion and SD of the proportion.
‡
ANOVA (comparing among Q1 to Q4).
§
P<.001.
||
P<.05.
¶
Chi-square test (comparing among Q1 to Q4).