Table 1.
Baseline diabetes risk factor levels a across VAI quintiles.
| Variable | Quintile1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 |
P for trend |
| 0.21-1.29 unit | 1.29-193 unit | 1.93-283 unit | 2.83-4.30 unit | 4.30-41.5 unit | ||
| Age (years) | 37.43 (14.05) | 40.13 (13.37) | 43.26 (13.78) | 44.26 (12.59) | 44.98 (12.31) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 112.81 (15.99) | 115.54 (16.86) | 118.59 (17.30) | 121.83 (18.05) | 122.68 (17.80) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 73.33 (10.00) | 75.89 (10.14) | 77.84 (10.10) | 79.79 (10.22) | 80.70 (10.32) | <0.001 |
| DM-FHx | 0.22 (0.42) | 0.25 (0.43) | 0.27 (0.44) | 0.29 (0.45) | 0.29 (0.46) | <0.001 |
| LPA (times/week) | ||||||
| ≥3 | 313 (26.35) | 315 (26.54) | 302 (25.42) | 265 (22.33) | 270 (22.75) | |
| <3 | 177 (14.9) | 149 (12.55) | 155 (13.05) | 160 (13.48) | 161 (13.56) | 0.004 |
| Never | 698 (58.75) | 723 (60.91) | 731 (61.53) | 762 (64.2) | 756 (63.69) | |
| Current smoker | 140 (11.8) | 131 (11.06) | 146 (12.29) | 158 (13.33) | 178 (15.01) | 0.003 |
| Waist (cm) | 79.33 (10.65) | 84.82 (11.18) | 88.56 (10.67) | 91.68 (10.57) | 94.48 (9.69) | <0.001 |
| BMI (Kg.m-2) | 24.00 (4.23) | 25.96 (4.37) | 27.07 (4.13) | 28.24 (4.33) | 28.91 (4.02) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C(mmol.l-1) | 1.35 (0.28) | 1.18 (0.23) | 1.08 (0.22) | 1.00 (0.20) | 0.86 (0.19) | <0.001 |
| WHpR (%) | 82.02 (8.12) | 84.82 (8.60) | 87.61 (8.32) | 89.14 (7.84) | 90.98 (7.39) | <0.001 |
| WHtR (%) | 48.65 (6.96) | 52.44 (7.50) | 54.64 (6.98) | 56.76 (7.13) | 58.62 (6.66) | <0.001 |
| TGs b (mmol.l-1) | 0.79 (0.78-0.80) | 1.18 (1.16-1.19) | 1.58 (1.57-1.60) | 2.12 (2.09-2.14) | 3.29 (3.23-3.36) | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol.l-1) | 4.87 (0.49) | 4.90 (0.51) | 4.99 (0.51) | 5.06 (0.55) | 5.14 (0.58) | <0.001 |
| PCPG (mmol.l-1) | 5.31 (1.47) | 5.60 (1.47) | 5.93 (1.57) | 6.23 (1.64) | 6.57 (1.69) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM FHx, family history of diabetes; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PCPG, 2-hour post-challenge plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TGs, triglycerides; VAI, visceral adiposity index; WHpR, waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio
a. Variables are presented as mean (SD)
b. For TGs geometric mean (95% CIs) has been reported since the distribution was highly skewed.