Table 2. Multivariate Analyses of the Odds of Poor Postpartum Mental Health among US Mothers, 1996-2006 MEPS.
| Model 1 - Odds ratio of poor postpartum mental health | Model 2 - Odds ratio of poor postpartum mental health | Model 3 - Odds ratio of poor postpartum mental health | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | CI | OR | CI | OR | CI | ||||
| Pre-Pregnancy and Antepartum Mental Health | |||||||||
| Poor pre-pregnancy mental health | |||||||||
| Yes | 5.14 | 3.24 | 8.17 | 2.20 | 1.20 | 4.04 | 1.90 | 1.02 | 3.57 |
| No | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | |||
| Poor antepartum mental health | |||||||||
| Yes | 12.51 | 7.96 | 19.67 | 11.36 | 6.45 | 19.99 | |||
| No | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | |||||
| Maternal and Family Sociodemographic Factors | |||||||||
| Age | |||||||||
| 14-19 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 1.23 | ||||||
| 20-24 | 0.83 | 0.40 | 1.71 | ||||||
| 25-29 | 0.74 | 0.39 | 1.41 | ||||||
| 30-34 | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| 35+ | 1.07 | 0.58 | 1.97 | ||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||
| White (Non-Hispanic) | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| Black (Non-Hispanic) | 0.65 | 0.30 | 1.39 | ||||||
| Asian/Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic) | 2.87 | 1.09 | 7.54 | ||||||
| Other (Non-Hispanic) | 1.93 | 0.57 | 6.58 | ||||||
| Hispanic | 0.48 | 0.27 | 0.88 | ||||||
| Education status | |||||||||
| No or some high school | 3.72 | 1.50 | 9.23 | ||||||
| High school graduate | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| Some college | 1.56 | 0.75 | 3.23 | ||||||
| College or beyond | 1.62 | 0.77 | 3.42 | ||||||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married or living with partner | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| Never married | 1.03 | 0.48 | 2.18 | ||||||
| Divorced / separated / widowed | 1.53 | 0.50 | 4.74 | ||||||
| MSA Status | |||||||||
| Urban | 1.03 | 0.56 | 1.93 | ||||||
| Rural | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| Health Insurance Status | |||||||||
| Private insurance only | 3.83 | 1.67 | 8.82 | ||||||
| Any publicly funded insurance | 3.98 | 1.57 | 10.06 | ||||||
| No insurance | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| Ratio of family income to poverty threshold | |||||||||
| Below 100% | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| 100-199% | 0.67 | 0.35 | 1.29 | ||||||
| 200-399% | 1.05 | 0.48 | 2.30 | ||||||
| 400%+ | 0.70 | 0.29 | 1.70 | ||||||
| Number of adults in household / family in addition to parents | |||||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| 1 or more | 1.76 | 0.90 | 3.45 | ||||||
| Number of children (< 5yrs old) | |||||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| 1 | 0.92 | 0.55 | 1.53 | ||||||
| 2 or more | 1.01 | 0.51 | 2.02 | ||||||
| Number of children (5-17yrs) | |||||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| 1 | 0.64 | 0.36 | 1.14 | ||||||
| 2 or more | 0.46 | 0.22 | 0.97 | ||||||
| Maternal Health-Related Risk Factors | |||||||||
| Any Pregnancy Complication | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.99 | 1.25 | 3.18 | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| Substance Abuse | |||||||||
| Yes | 2.21 | 0.55 | 8.96 | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| Number of Pregnancies during MEPS period | |||||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| 2 or more | 0.47 | 0.18 | 1.24 | ||||||
| Self-reported Physical Health Status | |||||||||
| Excellent / Very Good / Good | 1.00 | reference | |||||||
| Fair or Poor | 2.78 | 1.27 | 6.11 | ||||||
OR: Odds ratio; CI: 95% Confidence Interval, MSA: Metropolitan Statistical Area, MEPS: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey