Table 2.
Analysis of variance between individual-level, food and built environments, and area deprivation indicators in Sao Paulo City, Brazil
| Variables | Area socioeconomic status (Human Development Index tertiles) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | pa | |
| Area-level aggregated individual indicators (%)b | ||||
| Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 46.285 | 40.906 | 37.974 | 0.058 |
| FV intake (≥5 days/week) | 28.756 | 35.210 | 45.135 | <0.001 |
| Soft drink consumption (≥5 times per week) | 21.406 | 22.208 | 21.530 | 0.963 |
| Physical leisure activity (≥30 min in 3 times or more/week) | 15.039 | 15.267 | 19.119 | 0.267 |
| Food environment (density n/1,000 inhabit.) | ||||
| Large supermarket chains | 0.052 | 0.082 | 0.151 | <0.001 |
| Local grocery stores | 0.140 | 0.155 | 0.223 | 0.005 |
| Fruits and vegetables specialized food markets | 0.071 | 0.084 | 0.112 | <0.001 |
| Retail food stores (total stores without fast-food restaurants) | 0.263 | 0.322 | 0.486 | <0.001 |
| Fast-food restaurants | 0.001 | 0.009 | 0.042 | <0.001 |
| Built environment (density n/1,000 inhabit.) | ||||
| Public transport system (metro, train, and bus stations) | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.023 | 0.002 |
| Parks and public sports facilities | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.016 | <0.001 |
| Area deprivation | ||||
| Houses without clean water (%) | 4.219 | 1.424 | 0.913 | <0.001 |
| Houses without sewage (%) | 29.698 | 11.047 | 3.362 | <0.001 |
| Crime rate (n/1,000 inhab.) | 0.666 | 0.428 | 0.213 | <0.001 |
aANOVA
bWeighted area prevalence