Table 2.

Bivariate GEE logistic regression analysis of explanatory variables and ART adherence in ACCESS (n = 545 participants contributed to 4,460 observations)

Characteristic	ORa	95% CIb	p Value
Homelessnessc
No	1.00
Yes	0.62	0.50–0.77	<0.001
Age
(per year)	1.06	1.04–1.08	<0.001
Gender
Male	1.00
Female	0.69	0.52–0.89	0.006
Aboriginal ancestry
No	1.00
Yes	0.97	0.74–1.28	0.84
Formal employmentc
No	1.00
Yes	1.11	0.87–1.41	0.40
Educational attainment
≥High school diploma	1.00
<High school diploma	0.56	0.37–0.85	0.007
Frequent alcohol usec
<Daily	1.00
≥Daily	0.64	0.47–0.86	0.004
Frequent crack cocaine usec
<Daily	1.00
≥Daily	0.94	0.78–1.13	0.51
Frequent cocaine use, injectionc
<Daily	1.00
≥Daily	0.48	0.40–0.57	<0.001
Frequent heroin use, injectionc
<Daily	1.00
≥Daily	0.38	0.30–0.48	<0.001
Frequent speedball use, injectionc
<Daily	1.00
≥Daily	0.34	0.25–0.48	<0.001
Frequent methamphetamine use, injectionc
<Daily	1.00
≥Daily	0.70	0.44–1.14	0.15
Methadone maintenance therapy
No	1.00
Yes	2.44	2.01–2.96	<0.001
CD4 cell count
Per 100 cells/mm3	0.94	0.89–0.99	0.047
Per log10 unit increase	0.54	0.48–0.60	<0.001

GEE generalized estimating equations

^aOdds ratio

^b95% Confidence interval

^cRefers to the 6-month period prior to the interview