Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of MAMAS study participants included in the analysis (N = 1525)
| Age, n (%) | |
| ≤20 | 579 (38.0) |
| 21–30 | 767 (50.3) |
| ≥31 | 179 (11.7) |
| Education, n (%) | |
| Only primary school (elementary) or less | 1277 (83.7) |
| Secondary school (high school) or more | 248 (16.3) |
| Reading literacy, n (%) | |
| Easily | 664 (43.5) |
| With difficulty | 616 (40.4) |
| Not at all | 245 (16.1) |
| Religion, n (%) | |
| Roman Catholic | 287 (18.8) |
| Seventh Day Adventist | 509 (33.4) |
| Other | 728 (47.8) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| Luo | 1407 (92.3) |
| Other | 118 (7.7) |
| Household goods, n (%) | |
| Refrigerator | 16 (1.0) |
| Electricity | 56 (3.7) |
| Television | 159 (10.4) |
| Mobile phone | 723 (47.4) |
| Radio | 1149 (75.3) |
| Occupation, n (%) | |
| Housework | 323 (21.2) |
| Selling things/fish monger | 329 (21.6) |
| Farming/agricultural work/manual labor | 772 (47.5) |
| Other | 147 (9.7) |
| Marital status, n (%) | |
| Not currently married | 188 (12.3) |
| Currently married | 1336 (87.7) |
| Currently living with male partner, n (%) | |
| Yes | 1331 (87.3) |
| No | 193 (12.7) |
| Male partner has other wives (n = 1331 women currently living with a male partner), n (%) | |
| Yes | 394 (29.6) |
| No | 937 (70.4) |
| Male partner’s occupation (n = 1330), n (%) | |
| Selling things | 142 (10.7) |
| Farming/agricultural work | 508 (38.2) |
| Fishing | 161 (12.1) |
| Manual labor | 205 (15.4) |
| Other type of job | 314 (23.6) |
| Mean months of pregnancy at time of first ANC visit (woman’s report) (median, range) | 5.1 (5, 0.4–9.0) |
| Mean number of pregnancies (median, range) | 3.2 (3, 1–16) |
| Mean number of live births (median, range) | 2.2 (2, 0–15) |
| Mean number of living children (median, range) | 1.8 (2, 0–10) |